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Criteria for Impeaching the President

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Criteria for Impeaching the President

Please submit a paper that summarizes (in your own words) the “You are the Policymaker” feature titled “What Should be the Criteria for Impeaching the President?” and then give your opinion; what would you do if you were the policymaker? It must be a minimum of one page in length, typed and double-spaced.

FYI: (professor’s instructions)

Do not use outside sources. Do not quote from the book; I want you to paraphrase the feature (put it into your own words) so I can see that you understand the feature. The papers are to be doublespaced, Times New Roman, size 12 font. The papers must be at least one page in length.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

What Should be the Criteria for Impeaching the President?

The article “What Should be the Criteria for Impeaching the President?” basically talks about the sex scandal that broke in 1998 between the then President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky. The article notes how President Clinton tried to obstruct justice when he was questioned about the affair with Lewinsky. President Clinton, as noted in the article, president Lewinsky to lie under oath. The President could not be put on trial because of his position and therefore the only way to be help accountable was through the House of Representatives as well as the senate where he faced a possible impeachment. An investigation report by an independent counsel recommended that the president should face 11 counts of possible impeachment offences. The president was accused of braking the law, betraying public trust and dishonoring the presidency.

President Clinton was forced to apologize to the nation. He, through the White House, argued that the mistake affected his personal life and not that of the presidency. The white house also accused the investigator of having personal vendetta against the president.

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The issue on whether the scandal had reached the threshold that could lead to the president’s impeachment then arose. An offense should be grave in order for it to be used to impeach a president. The case of President Clinton is compared to that of President Richard Nixon who was charged with obstructing justice, abusing power and failing to comply with congressional subpoenas. When enough evidence was gathered Nixon resigned in order to avoid being impeached. His impeachment majorly failed because of how the legislatures voted on party lines.

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If I was a policy make, I could not have voted to impeach the president. This is because, while it is true that the president did a mistake by obstructing justice, he accepted the mistake and apologized. In addition, I do not think that his affair with Lewinsky affected his duties as a president in any way. I would consider the affair as a personal life and look at what he has been able to achieve through his presidency. I also do not think the case reaches the threshold for impeachment. The investigations by the legislature might not tell the truth of the matter and that is why the White House rejected the recommendation. Therefore, impeaching President Clinton could not have been the best solution for this case. I would therefore vote to retain President Clinton as the president.

 

 

 

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International Health Disparities

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International Health Disparities

Analyzing epidemiological data.

Based on the review of global health disparities across inter/intra national countries, analyze data by the use of epidemiological analytical methods to infer the factors or causes for these public health disparities. Select any three countries of your choice (one from a developed nation, a ‘second world’ country, and an underdeveloped third world country) and find epidemiological data such as fertility indicators (crude birth and death rates) and other health indicators. Provide an analysis among your three sample countries in a 3-5 page paper. Your writing should follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.) and APA style guidelines. Your work should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as original and insightful. Your submission should display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

International Health Disparities

Public health disparities across races, gender, ethnic groups, and other populations is a significant concern in the modern world. Health disparities refer to preventable variances in the disease burden, violence, injury, and available opportunities to access optimum health. Health disparities are caused by a variable number of factors such as environmental factors, poverty, level of education and behavioral and individual factors, among others (National Center for Health Statistics, 2016). This paper analyses health disparity between developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries. The sample countries used in each case include the United States of America for developed countries, China, for strengthening or second world countries and Cuba for the third world or under-developed countries. Different health indicators provided by epidemiological data in the three countries will be used to determine the disparities and their possible causes.

Health indicators in the United States

According to the Nation Master, the total fertility rate in the United States is about 1.99 %. Hospital beds are approximately 3.3 in every 1000 people. Life expectancy in the United States is 76 years (NationMaster (APA), n.d). Life expectancy for women at birth is 81.1, while the total population life expectancy is 78 years. Physicians are rated to be 2.3 in every 100 people. The cost of the healthcare system is 45.82, while the quality of healthcare is about 69.02.

Health Indicators in China

Nation Master report that the total fertility rate in China is about 1.88, and the number of hospital beds per 1000 people is about 2.5.  The life expectancy for men is about 72 years, women 76 years and for the whole population 74 years (NationMaster (APA), n.d).  The number of physicians in every 1000 people is approximately 1.5, while the cost of health care is about 57. The quality of healthcare in China is about 62.

Health indicators in Rwanda

The total fertility rate in Rwanda is reported to be 1.8%, and the number of hospital beds per 1000 people is approximately 1.7. The life expectancy rate for males is 54 years, while that of women is 65 years (NationMaster (APA), n.d). The life expectancy rate for the total population is 58 years. The number of physicians per 1000 people is estimated to be 0.05. The cost of health is reported to be 72 while the quality of healthcare is 49.

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From the health indicators data presented above, it is evident that health quality reduces depending on the level of a country’s development. The United States has the highest presents, the highest quality of health, followed by china and finally Rwanda. Rwanda is an African country which is one of the most under-developed countries across the globe. There are various causes of health disparities around the world which may include:

  1. The quality of education

Education is one of the most significant determinants of health quality in a country. In most of the developed countries such as the United States, high-quality education results in more competent health professionals who provide quality patient care, thus reducing the rates of death and other consequences of poor health (Woolf, 2017). Besides, the number of health professionals, such as physicians tends to be higher compared to those in the second and first world countries.

International Health Disparities

  1. Poverty

Poverty is also one of the leading causes of health disparities across the globe. Most countries in the third world c countries have high poverty levels that they are not able to afford the cost of quality healthcare (Woolf, 2017). Besides, poverty acts as a barrier to quality and enough health facilities and hospital beds. Also, poverty results in lack of enough medicine to treat various diseases (Woolf, 2017). As a result, less developed countries report the highest rate of mortality and morbidity.

  • Behavioral and individual behaviors

Individual behaviors in various countries are also some of the main causes of health disparities as they determine their life style and the probability of living a healthy life. Reports show that most people in the third world countries die due to conditions such as heart attack, respiratory diseases and obesity (Woolf, 2017. Most of these conditions are related to lack of adequate physical exercise. This can be linked to insufficient healthcare professionals to create awareness on the benefits of living a healthy lifestyle.

  1. Level of economic growth and development

Economic growth of a country determines the per capita income of people in that nation. In addition, the level of economic development determines the living standards of citizens in a country. Per capita income is one of the main determinants on whether an individual can afford quality medical services even if it means seeking them outside the country (Woolf, 2017. The level of living standards determines factors such as healthy diet and ample physical exercise. Therefore, countries in the first world have high quality of health compared to second and third world countries.

In conclusion, international health disparities mostly exist due to the level of development of nations. Developed countries have the highest living standards, where citizens can access quality healthcare and also live healthy lives in terms of diet. Also, first world countries have the highest quality of education that they can produce high-quality health practitioners who provide excellent services, thus reducing the mortality rate in the nation.

 

References

Nation Master. (n.d).”Health: China and United States compared”. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/compare/China/United-States/Health

NationMaster. (n.d).”Health: Rwanda and United States compared”. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/compare/Rwanda/United-States/Health

National Center for Health Statistics (US. (2016). Health, United States, 2015: with special feature on racial and ethnic health disparities.

Woolf, S. H. (2017). Progress in achieving health equity requires attention to root causes. Health Affairs, 36(6), 984-991.

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Qualitative Study

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Qualitative Study

Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.

Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.

In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Qualitative Study

Study Protocol of ” Worth the Walk”: a randomized controlled trial of a stroke risk reduction walking intervention among racial /ethnic minority older adults with hypertension in community senior centers by Kwon, et al., (2015).

Background of the study

Stroke has become one of the leading causes of high mortality rates in the United States. Stroke is also responsible for disabling most of the minority seniors. Approximately 30% of the strokes are related to lack of physical activity, but most of the older generations in most of the ethnic groups in the United States tend to participate most in physical exercise.

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Significance of the study

Most of the African American, Chinese, Korean, and Latino seniors with hypertension are the most affected groups by stroke. As a result, the cost of health among the mentioned groups tends to be high, and yet the mortality rate continues to be high every year. Walking among the seniors can increase their physical activity, which can, in turn, reduce the risks of stroke, especially among those seniors suffering from hypertension.

The purpose of the study

To conduct a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a culturally designed walking intervention that is community-based to decrease the risk of stroke by increasing the rate of physical exercise among Latino, African American, Korean and Chinese seniors suffering from hypertension.

Research question

Does walking intervention reduce the risk of stroke among the racial/ethnic older adults with hypertension in senior community centers?

Research method

The researchers enrolled the minority seniors of the targeted groups at senior centers and used data collection with complete baseline. The selected groups were then assigned to receive the walking intervention randomly. The sample size was 120, which was obtained after a full 90 days follow up intervention. The researchers’ assigned trained case managers to conduct qualitative methods to answer the research questions. They implemented the intervention sessions two times a week for four consecutive weeks to the targeted intervention group. The measures for primary outcome included the stroke knowledge, mean steps per day for more than seven days, and self-efficacy for reducing the risk of stroke. The measures for exploratory and secondary measures include health-seeking, health-related quality of life, and biological markers for health. The researchers collected the outcome data from participants in the wait-list control and intervention participants three months after complete baseline data collection (Chiu, Bergeron,Williams, Bray, Sutherland & Krauss, 2015). The outcomes were then compared between the two groups using randomized trials data analytic methods. The facilitators and the barrios to the successful implementation of worth the walk were also assessed. The researchers did not indicate the weakness of the available studies and also did not include a conceptual framework in their research.

Qualitative Study

Results of the study

The randomized controlled trial demonstrated considerable improvements in knowledge about stroke and body exercise in the intervention group as compared to the control group (Chiu, et al. 2015). Nurses should consider the intervention as the primary prevention strategy for stroke among seniors in various minority ethnic or racial groups in the United States.

The findings of the study suggest that nursing education should highly consider training the nurses about physical exercise and implement the worth a walk intervention to improve patient outcome.

Ethical considerations

Patient confidentiality was considered in the study. Information regarding individual participants in the study was well handled to avoid its leakage to unauthorized persons. Also, the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.

Conclusion

The risk of stroke is highly increased with the reduction of physical exercise, especially among the seniors in the minority ethnic or racial groups in the United States. Nursing practice should emphasize increased physical activity among the minority groups, especially the seniors with hypertension, to reduce the risks of stroke. It is the responsibility of the nurses to create awareness on the benefits of body exercise in minimizing the stroke cases, which can, in turn, reduce the treatment costs and reduce the mortality rates.

Quantitative Study

Comparison of the Dash (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat Dash diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized controlled trial, by Chiu, S., Bergeron, N., Williams, P. T., Bray, G. A., Sutherland, B., & Krauss, R. M. (2015).

Background of the study

The Dietary Approaches to prevent and stop hypertension include incorporation of a dietary pattern that is high in vegetables, fruits, and low in fats, especially dairy foods. The Dash enhances low-density lipoprotein, lowering of high blood pressure and cholesterol, that is high-density lipoprotein.

Significance of the study

Hypertension is a condition that is a highly experienced condition, especially among the aging generations. The leading causes of hypertension are reduced physical exercise and poor dieting. Hypertension increases health costs and also leads to high mortality rates, especially among the senior groups in society.

Purpose of the study

The main objective of the study was to examine the effects of substitution of full-fat with low-fat dairy food products in the DASH diet with a corresponding increase in fat and a decrease in the intake of sugar on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and blood pressure.

Qualitative Study

Research question

Do the DASH and HF-DASH diet lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high blood pressure?

Research methods

The researchers used a sample size of three health persons to conduct a randomized crossover trial based on three periods. The individuals consumed a standard Dash diet, a control diet, a lower carbohydrate modification of Dah diet, and a high-fat diet for three weeks each which was separated by two weeks’ periods for washouts (Kwon, et al. 2015). The researchers then conducted laboratory measurements that included the concentration of lipoprotein particles determined by the mobility of ions, which was established at the end of each experimental diet (Kwon, et al. 2015). The researchers used both dependent and independent variables. The dependent variable was high blood pressure, and the DASH and HF-DASH diet were the independent variables that were presented after the tests (Kwon, et al. 2015). The variables were shown on a graph with the high blood pressure being on the y-axes and the DASH and HF -DASH diets being on the x-axes. Each of the researchers analyzed the data using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences and compared their results to eliminate the chances of personal bias and ensure the accuracy of results.

Results of the study

The participants of the study finished the three dietary periods. The HF-DASH and DASH diets profoundly reduced blood pressure compared to the control diet. There was a reduction in the concentration of medium and large very-low-density lipoprotein particles and triglycerides (Kwon, et al. 2015). The HF-DASH diet also increased the peak particle diameter of LDL and decreased the HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, large LDL particles Intermediate density lipoprotein and the width of LDL peak compared with the control diet. The researchers did not mention any limitations of the study.

Qualitative Study

Ethical considerations

The Institution Review Board approved the study. Also, the confidentiality of the participants in the study was highly maintained.

Conclusion

The DAS diet significantly lowered blood pressure to the same extent as the HF- DASH diet and also reduced the concentration of VLDL and plasma triglyceride without increasing the cholesterol. The findings of the study can help improve nursing practice in managing hypertension. Nurses should create awareness among patients and the community at large about the DASH and HF-DASH diet to help reduce the mortality rates and the costs of treatments.

 

References

Chiu, S., Bergeron, N., Williams, P. T., Bray, G. A., Sutherland, B., & Krauss, R. M. (2015). Comparison of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat DASH diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: A randomized controlled trial–3. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 103(2), 341-347. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26718414

Kwon, I., Choi, S., Mittman, B., Bharmal, N., Liu, H., Vickrey, B., Song, S., Araiza, D., McCreath, H., Seeman, T., Oh, S. M., Trejo, L., … Sarkisian, C. (2015). Study protocol of “Worth the Walk”: A randomized controlled trial of a stroke risk reduction walking intervention among racial/ethnic minority older adults with hypertension in senior community centers. BMC Neurology, 15, 91. https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-015-0346-9

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Vargas Family Case Study: Fifth Session

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Vargas Family Case Study: Fifth Session

Read “Topic 5: Vargas Family Case Study.” Write a 750-1,000-word paper in which you demonstrate how therapists apply Strategic Family Therapy theories to analyze the presenting problems and choose appropriate interventions.

Be sure to answer the following questions in your paper:

1. How would Jay Haley or Chloe Madanes approach the current presenting problem? Identify and describe two interventions that he/she may use and why.

2. How would an MRI-style therapist approach the current presenting problem? Identify and describe two interventions that would be used and why.

3. How would a Milan-style therapist approach the current presenting problem? Identify and describe two interventions that would be used and why.

Cite at least three academic sources (peer-reviewed journal articles, books, etc.).

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Vargas Family Case Study: Fifth Session

Introduction

Strategic family therapy has been significantly influenced by concepts found in the Bateson’s cybernetics model. Based on both family and brief psychotherapy, the model focuses on transforming behavior rather than changing insight as seen in other creative interventions (Tramonti, 2018). Under the Bateson’s cybernetics model are three models including; the mental research institute (MRI) model, Haley and Madanes strategic approach and the Milan model. According to Jay Haley, strategic therapy is a form of therapy where the therapist initiates the entire therapy session, designs approaches for every family member with a presenting problem, and takes responsibility about the care offered (Szapocznik et al. 2015). The MRI approach is based on the view that the client’s complaint is the main problem and it is not a symptom of other issues (Ray, 2018). The Milan Family System model views the family as a single functioning unit throughout the entire therapeutic process (Brown, 2015). By using the aforementioned strategic family therapy theories, appropriate interventions will be provided to facilitate a state of wellness for the Vargas family members.

Haley and Madanes Strategic Approach

The Haley and Madanes strategic approach is more concerned with symptoms and the function they serve in the therapy process. After analyzing triadic interactions over long periods of time, Haley was more concerned with power struggles and formulated rules following a hierarchical order (Szapocznik et al. 2015). Madanes on the other hand, was more concerned with incongruous hierarchies where children use symptoms to change the behaviors of their parents. Additionally, this strategic approach believes that families go through dysfunctional stages to be able to get to functional stages. The approach also posits four categories of problems arising from; a desire to dominate, control, be loved, love and to protect others and a desire to repent and forgive (Szapocznik et al. 2015). Therefore, the model focuses on both short and long-term sequences to reflect on chronic structural problems.

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The Haley and Madanes approach to family therapy focuses more on increasing the family members’ ability to love and soothe than to dominate or gain control over other family members. With this objective in mind, the love-first approach to intervention is the most effective strategy to use when addressing the Vargas Family. This approach encourages the family to provide love to each other throughout the treatment process (“Types of Intervention Methods”, 2019). The Haley and Madanes model also recognizes the role that children play in affecting their parent’s behavior. As such, the systematic family model of intervention which highlights the influence that one family member has on other members of the family is an effective intervention. By doing this, the highlighted family member responds better to treatment.

MRI Style Therapist Approach

This approach is based on the view that problems arise from the way difficulties in life are handled by an individual or by other members of the family (Rohrbaugh & Shoham, 2013). The therapist’s main aim is to gather adequate information about the presented problems and establish minimal goals towards change. The focus of all interventions is on solving the presenting problem rather than seeking changes in the entire family system. With this in mind, the most effective intervention for Frank Vargas will require the interruption of ionic processes that take place during repeated attempts to address his behavior. Ionic problem solution loops should be used to assess the intervention (Rohrbaugh & Shoham, 2013). In addition to interrupting ionic processes, the therapist can carry out activities that encourage family members to ritualize specific scenarios that result in conflict using objects like hats. The therapist then uses the information to interrupt the problem sequence and allow the family members to reconfigure themselves (Mloispro, 2017).

Milan-Style Therapist Approach

The Milan-style therapist approach shifts the focus away from interactive sequences in the family and directs it towards questioning the family’s belief systems. Therefore, the model strives to help families examine their thoughts and belief systems instead of helping the family transform their behavior (Loras, Bertrando & Ness, 2017). In line with this, two key interventions are identified that could benefit the Vargas family. They include; positive connotations and family rituals. Positive connotation involves reframing the problematic behavior in the family where the symptoms are viewed as positive since they help facilitate the family’s well-being. Family rituals like weddings and funerals play a central role in the family’s life. Therapeutically, these rituals may be used to establish family patterns and alter beliefs (Loras, Bertrando & Ness, 2017).

Conclusion

The Haley and Madanes strategic model, the MRI style approach and the Milan-style therapist approach all draw fundamental concepts from the Bateson’s Cybernetics model. By focusing on the effects that children have on their parent’s behavior, Haley and Madanes model provides interventions that focus on the effect that one family member has on other members. The MRI interventions on the other hand interrupt ionic processes to control behaviors. Lastly, the Milan intervention concentrates on family rituals and uses them to transform behavior.

 

References

Brown, J. M. (2015). The Milan Principles of Hypothesizing, Circularity and Neutrality in Dialogical Family Therapy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 31(3). https://doi.org/10.1375/anft.31.3.248

Loras, L., Bertrando, P. & Ness, O. (2017). Researching Systematic Therapy History: In Search of a Definition. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 28(2), 134-149. Doi: 10.1080/08975353.2017.1285656

Mloispro. (2017). Mental Research Institute (MRI) Systemic Therapy. Mindfully, Retrieved from https://mindfullyhealing.com/mental-research-institute-mri-systemic-therapy/

Ray, W.A. (2018). Bateson’s Cybernetics: The Basis of MRI Brief Therapy: Prologue. Researchgate, 36(8), 859-870. Doi: 10.1108/03684920710777388

Rohrbaugh, M.J. & Shoham, V. (2013). Brief Therapy Based on Interrupting Ironic Processes: The Palo Alto Model. Clinical Psychology (New York), 8(1), 66-81.

Szapocznik, J., Muir, J.A., Duff, J.H., Schwartz, S.J. & Brown, H. (2015). Brief Strategic Family Therapy: Implementing Evidence-based Models in Community Settings. Psychotherapy Research: Journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, 25(1), 121-133. Doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.856044

Tramonti, F. (2018). Steps to an Ecology of Psychotherapy: The Legacy of Gregory Bateson. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 36(1). Doi: 10.1002/sres.2549

“Types of Intervention Methods”. (2019). Ridgefieldrecovery. Retrieved from www.ridgefieldrecovery.com/intervention-guide/intervention-methods/

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Crisis Counseling

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Crisis Counseling

Sometimes clients come into the counseling session with an immediate crisis. They need an immediate solution to a problem. Counseling in these situations needs to be focused and goal oriented.

Jamila has been working with her counselor on learning to better manage her 9-year-old son. Last night, her son was hit by a car and is in the hospital. This has created a number of problems:

1. She has to arrange childcare for her daughter so she can stay with her son in the hospital.

2. He will need some special care when he gets home because he will be in a wheelchair.

3. She is fearful that she will lose her job as a teacher’s aide in the local public school.

Write a 500-750-word paper addressing the following:

1. How would you prioritize Jamila’s concerns in the counseling session? What would you address first?

2. What steps would you take in this session to make sure that Jamila has the resources she needs right now?

3. How would you help Jamila develop a plan to manage the current crisis?

Include at least three scholarly references in your paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Crisis Counseling

Introduction

A person is viewed to be in a crisis when they experience a situation which is considered too difficult for them to handle. This issue occurs due to personal inadequacies or insufficient resources. The above factors may make the situation to exceed the individual’s tolerance capabilities. Crisis counseling is therefore a technique that may offer immediate help to an individual in a crisis. To achieve this goal, there are various priorities and models that counselors may use during the intervention (Taylor, & Gibson, 2016).  The essay intends to develop suitable priorities, design ways of creating efficient resources, and develop a suitable management plan for a presented case.

Case Overview

The crisis counseling session focus on a client whose name is Jamila. The client is a teacher’s aide and has two children; a boy and a girl. The son is involved in an accident and needs special care from the mother. In addition, the daughter needs to be placed in a childcare facility to provide time for her son’s care. By caring for her son, Jamila risks her losing her job.

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Prioritizing Client’s Concerns

In the scenario, every element is crucial to the client, thereby creating a dilemma to her. From the client’s time and finances are essential concerns for her. Therefore, it would be important to prioritize Jamila’s concerns basing on time and finances. Moreover, it would also focus on the impact of the issue to other issues. The counselor may need to address her job concern first. This is because it would affect her ability to pay for her son’s hospital bill and her daughter’s daycare fees. In addition development of a suitable job schedule may help the client to care for her son without problems. The second issue to be addressed will be son’s care. This concern has been ongoing for the client; hence it is more urgent than her daughter’s daycare concern (Taylor, & Gibson, 2016).

Steps for Attainment of Resources

A systematic approach is suitable in enabling the client to attain resources for controlling the problem. The six-step crisis intervention model will be useful in helping Jamila. In the model, the first step involves defining the problem and understanding it from the client’s perspective. The second step is focused at ensuring the client’s safety. In the scenario, this step focuses on the psychological danger that Jamila may face. Thirdly, the counselor will provide support to the client through suitable communication skills (Silva, Siegmund, & Bredemeier, 2015).

The fourth phase involves examination of different resource alternatives. It may involve assessment of the client’s situational support or involving people close to her. Fifthly, the counselor will engage in making detailed plans and outline the persons and other referral resources that can enhance support to the client. Lastly, the counselor needs to obtain commitment from the client to ensure that the crisis counseling session is effective (Silva, Siegmund, & Bredemeier, 2015).

Developing a Management Plan

Developing a management plan needs suitable strategies. However, there are two broad frameworks that the assistance will follow; nondirective and collaborative counseling. If the client is able to initiate and develop their own management plans, nondirective counseling will be used. Contrarily, collaborative counseling will be suitable if the counselor has established a reliable partnership with the client. A suitable strategy for enhancing proper management planning is creation of awareness. This strategy attempts to bring to the clients thoughts and behaviors that may solve her crisis. In addition, provision of support is essential throughout the six-step process as it validates and expands on suggestions for controlling the situation. Lastly, the practitioner may provide guidance and direction on how to use the resources to manage the crisis (Crosby, Cwik, & Riddle, 2015).

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Conclusion

Crises are a common occurrence in people’s lives. However, it is often difficult to manage these challenges without the help of other people. The paper tries to show the role of counselors in helping clients solve their crisis issues. From the paper, it can be shown that using a systematic approach is suitable in helping clients manage their crises. In addition, one can depict that the counseling strategies such as support of clients and offering clients are beneficial tin crisis counseling management.

 

References

Crosby B. M., Cwik, M. F., & Riddle, M. A. (2015). Awareness, attitudes, and use of

crisis hotlines among youth at‐risk for suicide. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 45(2), 192-198.

Silva, J. A. M. D., Siegmund, G., & Bredemeier, J. (2015). Crisis interventions in online

psychological counseling. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 37(4), 171-182.

Taylor, J. V., & Gibson, D. M. (2016). Crisis on campus: eating disorder intervention from a

developmental-ecological perspective. Journal of American College Health, 64(3), 251-255.

 

 

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Final Project Outline

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Final Project Outline

Given the case study provided in Week 1, provide a 2-page draft high level outline of your strategic plan. Your outline should include the following:

  1. Strategic Management Plan
    1. Mission statement (provided in the case study)
    2. Vision statement
    3. Core values
      1. Value #1
      2. Value #2
      3. Value #3
      4. Value #4
      5. Value #5
    4. SWOT analysis
      1. Strengths
        1. #1
        2. #2
        3. #3
      2. Weaknesses
        1. #1
        2. #2
        3. #3
      3. Opportunities
        1. #1
        2. #2
        3. #3
      4. Threats
        1. #1
        2. #2
        3. #3
    5. Grand strategies or long-term strategic priorities (3–5)
      1. Strategic Priority #1
      2. Strategic Priority #2
      3. Strategic Priority #3
      4. Strategic Priority #4
      5. Strategic Priority #5
  2. Operational and Tactical Plan (for each Strategic Priority listed above)
    1. Strategic Priority #1 (2–4)
      1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
      2. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
      3. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
      4. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
    2. Strategic Priority #2 (2–4)
      1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
      2. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
      3. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
      4. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
    3. Strategic Priority #3 (2–4)
      1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
      2. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
      3. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
      4. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
    4. Strategic Priority #4 (2–4)
      1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
      2. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
      3. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
      4. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
    5. Strategic Priority #5
      1. Operational/Tactical Objective #1
      2. Operational/Tactical Objective #2
      3. Operational/Tactical Objective #3
      4. Operational/Tactical Objective #4
  3. Evaluation Plan
  4. Change management plan, including the following:
    1. The size of the change and its impact on the community and the organization
    2. The organization’s readiness for change
    3. Change management strategy
    4. Team structure and responsibilities
    5. Champion roles and responsibilities
    6. Planning and implementation
    7. Communications plan
    8. Resistance management plan
    9. Training plan
    10. Incentives and celebration of key milestones and successes
    11. Timeline/schedule of activities
    12. Budget for change management

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Final Project Outline

  1. Strategic Management Plan
  • Mission Statement- Empowering residents and creating a homelike atmosphere are of the utmost importance to Jasper Gardens Nursing Home. We promise to listen and strive to accommodate resident choices so that we can fulfill their wishes for daily living.
  • Vision Statement- We have been challenged to get our personnel system in better shape and have been responsive to the needs of our workers. Our strategy is to build an interstate road that will reduce the travel time between Jasper and Capital city. There is also potential for the construction of open senior living apartments and an assisted living facility.
  • Core Values
  1. Value 1- a commitment to helping those less fortunate
  2. Value 2- a commitment to innovation and excellence
  • Value 3- a commitment to offering quality care to patients
  1. Value 4- a dedication to staff
  2. Value 5- a Commitment to the community

Final Project Outline

  • SWOT Analysis
  1. Strengths

–Intermediate care and skilled care classification system

–The fine dining programs

–Resident community council

–Good performance in the statewide competition for Quality-of-Life Award

–100 percent Medicare and Medicaid certified

–Qualified personnel

-Deficiency–free survey from the State Department of Health-Level B

  1. Weaknesses

-Unfair interpretation of employee policies

-Increased employee-compensation rates due to increased injuries

-Lack of union representation for hourly staffs

-Increased crashes due to the use of electric wheelchairs

  • Opportunities

-Construction of a new interstate road

-Recent Medicare admissions requiring more therapy and services

-Increased visits from resident’s family and friends

  1. Threats

-Medicaid pricing

-Laws that restrict movement of the elderly using carts

-Union policies governing part time employees

  • Grand Strategies or long-term strategic priorities
  1. Strategic priority 1

Stability strategy

  1. Strategic priority 2

Expansion strategy

  • Strategic priority 3

Retrenchment strategy

  1. Strategic priority 4

Combination strategy

  1. Strategic priority 5

Liquidation strategy

  1. Operational and Tactical Plan
  • Strategic priority 1 (2-4)
  1. Maintain relationship between Jasper and Capital Hill
  2. Maintain current performance indicators
  • Strategic priority 2
  1. Market development. Dedicate one wing to patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia
  2. Market penetration. Hiring more certified therapeutic recreational therapists

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  • Strategic priority 3
  1. Turn around. Firing underperforming staff to maintain operating profits
  2. Divest businesses that are not part of core operations. For example, offering electric cart driving lessons
  • Strategic priority 4
  1. Use of a push/pull promotional strategy by developing new products and advertising
  2. Combination of organic and inorganic strategies
  • Strategic priority 5 (2-4)
  1. Selling off physical assets
  2. Selling off intellectual assets like patents and brands
  3. Evaluation plan
  4. Steps in evaluation

–Engage stakeholders

–Describe the problem

–Focus the evaluation design

-Gather credible evidence

-Justify conclusions

-Ensure use and share of lessons learned

  1. Standards for good evaluation

–Utility

–Feasibility

–Propriety

–Accuracy

  1. Change Management plan
  2. The size of the change and its impact on the community and the organization

-Personnel and union activity changes. Improves employee satisfaction levels

-Rehabilitation services utilization. A plan to offer ambulatory rehabilitation services to improve care

-Admission policies. Background checks will ensure the best staff is hired

  1. The organization’s readiness for change

–Development of a collaborative Medicare-certified inpatient hospice at the facility

–Development of an assisted living facility and retirement housing

–Development of an Alzheimer’s and Dementia wing

–Development of system developments

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  • Change management strategy

-Create incentives

-Redefine cultural values

-Exercise authority

-Shift the burden of change

-Recruit change champions

  1. Team structure and responsibilities

–A change sponsor at senior levels of management, key executives including Michele Regan and Jayne Winters

–Their responsibilities include; communicating with stakeholders, listening to their concerns and ensuring a smooth changing process

  1. Champion roles and responsibilities

–Understand key changes and their impacts

–Determine project milestones

–Attend project meetings

–Disseminating project communications

–Attending focus group sessions

  1. Planning and implementation

–Establishment of annual objectives

–Formulation of policies to execute the strategies

–Allocation of resources

–Performance of set activities and tasks

–Controlling activities in various levels

  • Communications plan

–Clarify change management plan for all stakeholders

-Select credible leaders to deliver the message

-Create feedback strategy

  • Resistance management plan

-Resistance assessment

-Engagement strategy

-Engagement programs

-Resistance tracking

  1. Training plan

-Consider organizational goals

-Identify benefits for trainees

-Identify desired outcomes

  1. Incentives and celebration of key milestones and successes

-Set expectations and get systematic

-Offer gratitude often

-Set milestone campaign and celebration goals

-Offer performance bonuses

-reward risk taking

  1. Timeline of Activities

– Pre-plan development stage

– Planning stage

– Post planning assessment

  • Budget for change management

-To be formulated by change management team

 

 

 

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The Case of Animal Sacrifices

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The Case of Animal Sacrifices 

Write a paper that summarizes (in your own words) the “You are the Judge” feature from chapter 4 titled “The Case of Animal Sacrifices” (pg. 96) and then give your opinion; what would you do if you were the judge? It must be a minimum of one page in length, typed and double-spaced.

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SAMPLE ANSWER

Summary

The article talks about the church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, a church in Florida whose religious practices differ from others such as the pure traditionalists and the Catholics. The church is devoted to spirits although the process involves iconography of the catholic saints because they also have catholic symbols and practices. This element makes it be categorized as having a religion that is a fuse of modern and traditional religious beliefs. One major characteristic of this religion is that they are devoted to Santeria, which involves the sacrifice of living animals to their Gods. They carry out these sacrifices at different parts of an individual’s life such as in rituals performed when an individual is born and when they marry as well as during death. Also, the sacrifice is made during other rituals such as cleansing ceremonies for curing the sick among others. The animals are sacrificed, cooked and eaten. However, their activities are not appreciated by the city of Hialeah, which sought to ban all forms of animal sacrifices under the argument that it was cruel. The santerians, however, feel discriminated because they are a religious minority. They argue that other forms of killing animals are legal and hence their actions should not be viewed as different.

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Judgment

The santerians have a right to sacrifice animals in their religious rituals if the rituals are carried out under the legal aspects of ritual slaughter as is seen with Muslims and Jews. Because other rituals are accepted and the city allows certain activities such as having some animals like lobsters boiled alive, it then becomes a double standard to infringe on the practices of others. Therefore, the church of Lukumi Babalu Aye should be allowed to carry out their religious rituals and have their festivities whenever they should and they should not be targeted or attacked simply because they are a religious minority.

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Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescriptions

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Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescriptions

You will also evaluate and analyze ethical and legal implications and practices related to prescribing drugs.  As advanced practice nurses, almost every clinical decision you make will have ethical or legal implications.  Your ethical and legal knowledge is fundamental to your ability to resolve the multitude of challenging issues encountered in practice.  For the Week 1 Assignment, you will explore the ethical and legal implications of the following scenario, and consider how to appropriately respond:

Scenario

A friend calls and asks you to prescribe a medication for her. You have this autonomy, but you don’t have your friend’s medical history. You write the prescription anyway.

 

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following: all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.

1.      Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.

2.      Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario you selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.

3.      Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation.

4.      Explain the process of writing prescriptions, including strategies to minimize medication errors.

To Prepare

Review the Resources for this module and consider the legal and ethical implications of prescribing prescription drugs, disclosure, and nondisclosure.

Review the scenario assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.

Search specific laws and standards for prescribing prescription drugs and for addressing medication errors for your state or region and reflect on these as you review the scenario assigned by your Instructor.

Consider the ethical and legal implications of the scenario for all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.

Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible decision-making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose any medication errors.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescriptions

Introduction

In healthcare, practitioners often find out that their friends, co-workers, or relatives may request informal medical advice. In addition, people close to the practitioners may ask for medical prescriptions without following medical procedures.  Practitioners realize that engagement in informal prescriptions increase their chances of having malpractice liability. In serious cases, they face legal investigations and risk going to jail or losing their job (Arcangelo et al., 2017). This paper tries to determine the ethical and legal implications that are associated with casual prescriptions. It involves a scenario where a female friend calls for medical prescription while the practitioner does not have her medical history. With that autonomy, the prescription is still written.

Ethical and Legal Implications

The scenario creates an ethical challenge to the practitioner. Due to their close association, the practitioner’s professional objectivity may be affected. The fact that the practitioner prescribes medicine for the client without her medical history shows that the doctor’s judgment is based on their relationship. Legally, if the state law requires the patient to be present during prescription, the process would be against the authority. In addition, the process would be inefficient due to lack of physical examinations (Kling, 2015).

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From another perspective, if the state requires an association between the physician and nurse, an investigation may be enforced on the practitioner for engaging in the process alone. Moreover, if the prescription is done away from the facility setting, it will be illegal. It can also be viewed that if the patient’s condition deteriorates after prescription, there will be no documentation to reveal the drugs she had taken. This act would jeopardize further assistance. Also, there will be no evidence of the patient’s informed consent (Arcangelo et al., 2017).

Strategies for Disclosure and Nondisclosure

Disclosure of patient safety is an important aspect in any healthcare situation. From the scenario, the practitioner may choose to orally disclose the error to a colleague and the patient. This act would increase trust between the practitioner and co-workers. In addition, it would create a suitable patient-nurse relationship. Also, the practitioner may create a formal report to the facility, revealing the details of the error in a way to reduce such errors in future (Kling, 2015).

Strategies for Decision Making

When it comes to decision making, the practitioner may choose to reject the patient’s request. This act would be done in a polite way, with the practitioner giving an explanation of associated ethical concerns. This may be followed by the practitioner assigning the patient to a different qualified nurse to engage in the prescription. Contrarily, the practitioner may choose to engage in the prescription process. However, the process needs the nurse to have a professional relationship with the patient. The procedure should be done in a facility setting, with the practitioner making suitable medical assessments of the patient. It would need official documentation which would enhance a suitable follow-up (Bao et al., 2016).

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Prescription Writing Process

Having a systematic approach in prescribing drugs is required to enhance prescription quality. The process should start with proper evaluation and definition of the patient’s problem. This step is followed by development of a therapeutic objective. A proper drug therapy is initiated. Thereafter, details, warnings, and instructions should be provided. To avoid errors, the practitioner may apply the five rights of drug prescription. They involve the needs for the right drug, right patient, right dosage, right process, and right time. Another strategy is to employ computer technology in designing the prescription (Ladd & Hoyt, 2016).

Conclusion

The paper shows that prescription of drugs to people close to a practitioner is associated with ethical and legal implications. These issues may make a nurse lose his or her job, especially if it is associated with errors. Nurses need to be careful when administering drugs to patients who are associated with them. The paper tries to reveal that with proper strategies, the process can be done properly, thereby limiting ethical and legal consequences. In addition, it is observed that drug prescription needs to follow a systematic approach to avoid errors.

 

References

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017).

Pharmacotheraeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4thed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bao, Y., Pan, Y., Taylor,A., Radakrishnan, S., Luo, F., Pincus, H. A., &Schackman, B. (2016).

Prescription drug monitoring programs are associated with sustained reductions in opioid prescribing by physicians. Health Affairs, 35(6), 1045 -1051.

Kling, S. (2015). Is it ethical to treat one’s family and friends?: ethics article. Current Allergy &

            Clinical Immunology, 28(2), 118-120.

Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for

            Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 166-173.

 

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Rhetorical Reading Strategies

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Rhetorical Reading Strategies

Review the sample argument article and answer the following questions:

1 -Why did the author write this article (what was their purpose)? Provide evidence from the article that- supports your answer Do you agree with the author’s position on the topic? Is this a problem that you can help to solve? How?

2- Identify yourself with these students, Seth, Kara, and Bob. Think about how each of these students reads, and reflects, and thinks, and writes. Why do you identify yourself with that person?

3- which type of student seems to be the best type of rhetorical reader or critical thinker or analytic type of reader and writer? why exactly that particular student is the better one? What is it that that student is doing that the other students are not?

4- The three strategies identified are strategies for constructing meaning, are content strategy, function/feature strategy, and rhetorical reading strategy. Explain them.

5- The Role of Rhetorical Reading, this is really Haas and Flower reflecting on this idea of rhetorical reading. What are its benefits? What are its uses? How can teachers teach rhetorical reading? What are the various drawbacks and conflicts that arise when this type of reading is being implemented in instruction, and how beneficial is it really, compared to other types of reading?

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

 

Rhetorical Reading Strategies and the Construction of Meaning

  1. Why did the author write this article (What are their purposes?) Provide evidence from the article that supports your answer. Do you agree with the author’s position on the topic? Is this a problem you can solve? How?

The purpose of the article is to create an understanding of rhetorical reading strategies and their meaning. He explains that reading is a discourse act and for the readers to construct the meaning of a text, they must do it in the context of a discourse situation which involves other readers, the writers of the text, the history of the discourse and the meaning of rhetorical reading. I agree with the author’s position on the topic because to understand the content in a text, and the reading process must be constructive. Readings should be seen as a discourse act and readers can only understand most of the text meanings based on the discourse situation. Constructive interpretation should mostly apply in the colleges and universities where students find it challenging to understand hard and complicated documents, which in turn affects their performance in studies. The knowledge on how interpretative reading process is carried out is limited among most of the college tutors (Haas & Flower, 1988). It is difficult for the tutors to teach students about the constructive and productive interpretive reading process if they do not understand it. Tutors can only teach what they understand based on the readings to convey it in the best way and the right manner. I can solve this problem is by first researching and understanding what a constructive reading process is all about and how other students can apply it. Understanding the topic would help the tutor convey the meaning of the text in a manner that students understand.

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  1. Identify yourself with these students, Seth, Kara, and Bob. Think of how each of these students reads, reflects, thinks, and writes. Why do you identify yourself with that person?

Kara is unsure about the meaning of a particular word when reading the text. She is content-oriented as she only paraphrases the passage. Kara’s content is limited as compared to other readers since she does not include all the crucial parts of the constructive rhetorical process. Bob reading, reflection, thinking, and writing process is more constructive compared to that of Kara. Bob builds structure and content representations (Haas & Flower, 1988). He tries to connect his text reading with his beliefs or what is already know but does not include the illustrations of other readers and the writer of the original text. Seth has a more satisfactory rhetorical process as is concerned with the entire content of the text. He identifies the intentions of the writer of the text, recognizes the missing book and also concerns himself with the experimental situation (Haas & Flower, 1988). He also thinks about what knowledge he lacks and which he already has and relates it to his past reading experiences. He is concerned with text’s multi-dimensions such as presentation of the function and structure of the text, representation of the text’s content, representation of the intentions of the author and his knowledge and experience as a reader (Haas & Flower, 1988).The material obtained by the three students were different in quantity depending on the way each one of the read, though, reflected and wrote the text after reading. I identify myself with the person because the understanding of each person is different regardless of the topic presented.

  1. Which student seems to be the best type of rhetorical reader or critical thinker or analytic kind of reader and thinker? Why exactly is that student the better one? What is that the students are doing that the others are not?

Seth is the best type of rhetorical reader, critical thinker, and analytic kind of reader and writer. He understands and applies almost the whole process of constructive reading. When compared to other students such as Kara, he comes up with a high amount of content after reading. Kara only paraphrases a text after she is uncertain with the meaning of a word, and she is then satisfied by just reading what she has written (Haas & Flower, 1988). On the other hand, Bob builds the representations of the content and the structure of the text and tries to relate his beliefs with his reading. However, Bob also does not apply most of the process required for the effective rhetorical operation. Seth is also concerned with the content of the text and includes both the functions of the parts of the book as well as the whole text and the intentions of the author. He also reviews missing text and experimental situations (Haas & Flower, 1988). Also, he relates to his previous reading experience and knowledge. Therefore, multidimensional consideration of the book is what makes Seth the best rhetorical reader and critical thinker and writer among the three students. He considers the representation of the author’s intention, description of the function and structure of the text, his knowledge and experience as a text reader, and representation of the content. Such characteristics are what good students do in order to understand while others ignore or do not focus on when reading and representing the topic content.

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  1. The three strategies identified are the strategies for constructing meaning, content strategy, function/feature strategy, and rhetorical reading strategy. Explain them.

Content strategies are concerned with the information or the content of the topic. That is, what the text is all about. The main objective of the reader in using content strategies is to obtain information from the text. Kara is an excellent example of a student or a reader using content strategy as she paraphrases the passage to gets its content when she fails or is unsure of the meaning of a word in the text.  Feature of function strategies is used to refer to generic or convectional functions of the text (Haas & Flower, 1988).. This is done by, for example naming parts of the texts, marking particular words, large parts of the text or even sentences. For instance, “this is the example,” “This is the main point” and “I think this is the introduction.” Feature strategies are also used to state what a text is doing. Functional strategies are used primarily in high schools and junior high curricula where students are not yet experienced readers, and they are taught to identify parts of texts such as the introduction, the body and the conclusion among others. Rhetorical strategies are beyond the content and parts of the book. They are concerned with the intentions of the author, the context, and the effect of the text to the audience.  Therefore, readers need to use the context, the effect of the text and the content strategies to obtain information from the text in a manner that can be understood and displayed in a more logical way.

  1. The role of rhetorical reading, this is Haas and Flower, reflecting on the idea of the rhetorical text. What are its benefits? What are its uses? How can teachers teach rhetorical reading? What are the various drawbacks that arise when this type of reading is being implemented in instruction and how beneficial is it really, compared to other types of reading?

One of the benefits of rhetorical reading is that readers understand writers make different choices about structure, content, and style, depending on the context they are operating. Also, readers can differentiate their process of reading depending on their reading purpose by matching their strategies with the content in the text. Rhetorical reading is used to identify the intentions of the authors, representing the content, the function, the prior knowledge and experience of the reader, that is, rhetorical reading focuses on the multidimensional roles of a particular text. Teachers can teach rhetorical reading by helping students ask themselves questions such as: Who is the author? Who is the audience? What is the content of the text? How does the writer represent the argument? The significant drawbacks of rhetorical reading mainly when used in instructions is that it may be difficult and time consuming for the readers as compared to other types of reading. Sometimes it takes time to understand the context of the reading or what is being discussed in the text. Therefore, may need more time for readers to understand what is being conveyed.  However, it is highly beneficial in terms of understanding the meaning of a text, the author, and their intentions and connecting the knowledge and experience of the learner with the book (Haas & Flower, 1988). Also, the reader can learn the functions of different parts of the text since rhetorical reading is multidimensional and may have different meanings and understanding.

  1. Discuss the problem Haas and Flower have with students identified as “good readers.”

Good readers have a problem because they sometimes miss a given point within a text and they unwilling or unable to critically read the passage. It is true that good readers are rich in vocabularies and they can easily identify parts of a text such as the introduction, the body and the conclusion (Haas & Flower, 1988). However, they do not analyze or criticize texts but just paraphrase and summarize them.

 

Works Cited

Haas, C., & Flower, L. (1988). Rhetorical reading strategies and the construction of meaning.

College Composition and Communication, 39.2(1988): 167-183.

 

 

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Simulation Technology

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Simulation technology has been transformative in nursing education. Through the use of simulation, nurses can repeatedly practice skills and gain clinical confidence in a risk-free environment. Simulation, however, is not just for health care professionals. How can nurses leverage simulation technology for patient and family education? Share your experiences and ideas for leveraging simulation technology for patient education.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Simulation technology has been critical in the nursing profession. The technology helped me throughout the time I was doing my associate nursing degree. The university I attended helped me to gain practical skills that gave me confidence when working with patients. The institution had a lab with all simulation technologies to help students present real-life situations and prepare them from the beautiful and stressful life in nursing profession. For example, my classmates and I were presented with a patient with the condition that we were to determine based on the signs and symptoms presented. Using the simulation technology, we were able to run a code that helped us to establish that the patient had a heart attack and the technology was so effective in reducing the risk of losing the patient. According to Foronda et al., (2017) it can increase student’s confidence and knowledge when caring for critical patients. Besides, it is estimated that simulation technology could eliminate about 50% of clinical time, without having any adverse effects on both patient care and learning outcomes (Hayden Padilha, Machado, Ribeiro, & Ramos, 2018).

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Patient education is also a critical element of simulation technology. Patients can benefit from simulation technology through education by helping them to understand clinical situations including, personal care, adherence to medication, and their outcome and wellbeing. Based on my experience when working with simulation technology, we were able to teach parents how to carry out CPR on their children during emergency.  We used a video about how CPR should be conducted on infants and asked them to explain and relay what they learned about performing CPR. It is therefore an excellent instructional strategy that can help nursing students to practice psychomotor skills, critical thinking, and clinical decision making without risking the life f a potential patient.

 

References

Foronda, C. L., Alfes, C. M., Dev, P., Kleinheksel, A. J., Nelson Jr, D. A., O’Donnell, J.

M., & Samosky, J. T. (2017). Virtually nursing: Emerging technologies in nursing education. Nurse Educator, 42(1), 14-17. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000000295

Padilha, J. M., Machado, P. P., Ribeiro, A. L., & Ramos, J. L. (2018). Clinical virtual

simulation in nursing education. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 15, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2017.09.005

 

 

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