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Phenomenology Research

Phenomenology Research

The quest to understand the lived experience and the philosophical structures of experience and consciousness is the focus of a movement that began in the early years of the 20th Century. The movement is called phenomenology because the movement explores the lived experience of phenomena. Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger were two of the prominent philosophers who developed this method of inquiry though each took a significantly different philosophical approach to understanding human experience. In this assignment, you will discuss the psychology research methods that emerged from the philosophies of Husserl and Heidegger and the researchers who developed those methods.

General Requirements:

  • This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
  • This assignment requires that at least two scholarly research sources related to this topic, and at least one in-text citation from each source be included.
  • You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Directions:

Write a paper (1,250-1,500 words) in which you discuss both the phenomenological research methods in psychology that emerged from the philosophies of Husserl and Heidegger and the theorists/psychologists who developed those methods. Include the following in your paper:

  1. A discussion of at least two phenomenological research methods that emerged from the phenomenological philosophy of Husserl. What were the central tenets of each method? What is known about the theorists/psychologists who developed each method?
  2. A discussion of at least two phenomenological research methods that emerged from the phenomenological philosophy of Heidegger. What were the central tenets of each method? What is known about the theorists/psychologists who developed each method?
  3. A contrast of the primary differences among the phenomenological research methods identified above. How does each method address approaches to data gathering, data analysis, and the role of the researcher?
  4. A research-based statement of and rationale for the method you believe allows the best understanding of human experience.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Phenomenology Research

Introduction

Phenomenology in psychology involves studying subjective experiences at a personal level. Philosophers apply different research methods when it comes to studying individual experiences; however, it is always challenging to identify the quality of a particular experience for one to come up with effective conclusions (Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017). In most cases, it is hard to believe in the possibility individuals having similar experiences for a given phenomenon. As such, this indicates that the phenomenology research results can only be applied to one person and should not be a reflection of other people, despite the similarity (Sousa, 2014). Various philosophers, including Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, have developed phenomenological methods of research to explain how experiences affect individuals separately. Husserl and Heidegger have significantly contributed to the study by proposing and examining various research methods hence providing a starting point for other philosophers. To get the most viable method of understanding human experiences, major emphasis will be placed on reviewing Husserl and Heidegger’s work and their contribution to development of phenomenological research methods.

Phenomenological Research Philosophy for Husserl

Edmund Husserl is regarded as one of the most significant philosophers when it comes to phenomenological studies. Compared to other studies, Husserl’s studies on phenomenology created a system to govern the science, hence forming a new perspective that separated it from other philosophies (Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017). He developed various research methods, one of them being the genetic concept, which was derived from inner-time consciousness theory. According to Applebee (2011), Husserl used this concept as a way of uncovering the beginning of intentional motivations, which can either be as a result of reason, or pre-predicative.

Husserl also applied Descriptive Phenomenological Method in studying psychology. The concept, which was initially proposed by Amedeo Giorgi, factors in both interpretive and descriptive moments that must be applied in any research process (Applebaum, 2011). the central tenant of this method is indicating the need to integrate descriptive and interpretive aspects of descriptive phenomenological research method. Husserl also applied neurophenomenology as another research method, which combines first person science with his phenomenology philosophies. The method applies scientifically verifiable methods in examining individual conscious experiences, as well as studying the mind by combining phenomenology with neuroscience (Sousa, 2014). Neurophenomenology was first introduced by Francisco Varela who was a trained biologist, a philosopher, as well as a mathematician. He supported the idea of human consciousness and cognition through enactive structures that may arise (Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017).

Phenomenology Research

Phenomenological Research Philosophy for Martin Heidegger

Husserl’s research methods are highly challenged by Heidegger, whose ideas are termed as a combination of contextualism and phenomenology. Unlike Husserl, Heidegger rejects the idea of human beings being regarded as spectators of objects, with his arguments being based on the assumption that objects and subjects are inseparable(Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017). From Heidegger’s perspective of philosophy, an individual’s existence involves being in the world where one is embedded and inseparable from the world. His work mostly disregards Husserl’s view of transcendental ego and one of his proposed methods of phenomenological reduction. He describes ‘being ‘ as a matter of choice, where individuals are in a position to investigate their kind of being, by first identifying ho they understand the factor of being(Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017).

Like Husserl, Heidegger also inspired various research methods of philosophy, one of them being Interpretative phenomenological analysis. The central tenet of interpretative analysis is to show how in certain phenomenon different individuals make sense of situations and how they respond to such situations. Such a phenomenon, according to Heidegger, may arise from personal issues such as life events. The interpretative phenomenological analysis applies qualitative research where data gathering techniques involve interviewing participants and from journal entries (Applebaum, 2011). As a philosopher, Heidegger identified these research methods as unique since it not only focuses on the psychological components affecting an individual, but also idiographic and interpretive components. Interpretive analysis has also been applied in other areas beyond phenomenology to be used in occupational psychology (Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017). The method was proposed by Jonathan smith with the aim of promoting qualitative research in social and health psychology.

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Heidegger also inspired phenomenological anthropology as a research method. He adopted an existentialist approach used in psychoanalysis, which argues that the existence of human beings involves being open to any experiences, if not all (Applebaum, 2011). the central tenet of this research method, as emphasized by Heidegger, is to show that that there is no gap between the human mind and measurable matter.  For the study, participants are meant to think of themselves as being alone with their self while being in the paradox of being in a relationship with other humans but that they are ultimately alone. He also combines phenomenological approach as proposed by Husserl with existentialism to analyze human experiences (Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017). He describes phenomenology as letting things be seen in the way they present themselves. Unlike Husserl, Heidegger did not use phenomenology as a tool to analyze consciousness. By seeing things in their natural form without further analysis, he implied separation form consciousness.

Contrasting Methods

Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger are regarded as two of the most influential philosophers that had significant mark in developing and inspiring other psychologists in phenomenology. Their studies have inspired other research methods in an attempt to understand how individuals experience and respond to different phenomena. Although both philosophers had a similar agenda to understand human experiences, they both had different journeys and perceptions, as observed by the different approaches they applied in explaining human experiences (Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling, & Millar, 2017). The methods and theories applied by both Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger have enabled development of more research methods in various areas, especially in phenomenology.

In both cases, Heidegger and Husserl applied similar themes in phenomenological research since they both use qualitative and inductive research methods. The ideas of the two philosophers indicate that applying quantitative measure is not sufficient to ensure that there is free flow of information between the participant and the researcher. Further, they agree that reality on subjectivity and it is not fixed (Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling & Millar, 2017). The methods used to gather data are also similar since they both use journal entries and interviews. As Horrigan-Kelly, Dowling and Millar (2017) note, interviewing is regarded as the best method of information gathering when working an individual basis. Nonetheless, in cases where research methods vary, they still aim at reaching a similar goal. Besides, the philosophers also agree on a type of psychology that looks within an individual instead of forcing medication on the said subject.

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Heidegger and Husserl’s ideas differ based on the applicability of individual experiences. While Husserl believed that phenomenology is rooted in an individual’s negated assumptions and perceptions of a given subject, Heidegger formed an interpretive approach whose main concept focused on being in the world, instead of striving to know it. Husserl focuses on a Descriptive Phenomenological Method, which incorporates interpretive and descriptive moments from an individual point. Heidegger, on the other hand, looks into Interpretative phenomenological analysis, which mainly interprets how individuals react in various situations (Sousa, 2014). He emphasizes on focusing on one’s self despite being surrounded by other people. Although both philosophers apply methods that are unique and different, they both focus on a common goal of offering assistance that focus on an individual and not on the surrounding.

Best Understanding of Human Experience

Heidegger provides the best understanding of human experience through interpretative phenomenological analysis. This form of qualitative research enables a researcher to understand how one would react if they are put in a set of circumstances and the reaction to certain phenomenon. By applying this method, one is able to use extensive research to get a better understanding of how people react to situations. Although phenomenologist understand and agree on the need to use medication for certain illnesses, the also provide other alternatives that reach similar conclusions as medication. Such alternatives have proven to be equally helpful in understanding human experiences, which are highly fascinating and are better understood through phenomenology.

 

References

Applebaum, M. H. (2011). Amedeo Giorgi and Psychology as a Human

Science. Neuroquantology9(3), 518-525.

Horrigan-Kelly, M., Dowling, M., & Millar, M. (2017). Understanding the Key Tenets of

Heidegger’s Philosophy for Interpretive Phenomenological Research. International Journal Of Qualitative Methods15(1),

Sousa, D. (2014). Phenomenological Psychology: Husserl’s Static and Genetic

Methods. Journal Of Phenomenological Psychology45(1), 27-60. doi:10.1163/15691624-12341267

 

 

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family versus Individual Settings

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family versus Individual Settings

Whether used with individuals or families, the goal of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is to modify client behavior. Although CBT for families is similar to CBT for individuals, there are significant differences in their applications. As you develop treatment plans, it is important that you recognize these differences and how they may impact your therapeutic approach with families. For this Discussion, as you compare the use of CBT for families and individuals, consider challenges of applying this therapeutic approach to your own client families.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Compare the use of cognitive behavioral therapy for families to cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals
  • Analyze challenges of using cognitive behavioral therapy for families
  • Recommend effective cognitive behavioral therapy strategies for families

Nursing Paper Help

To prepare:

  • Review the media, Johnson Family Session 3, in this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights provided on CBT in family therapy.
  • Reflect on your practicum experiences with CBT in family and individual settings.

Post an explanation of how the use of CBT in families compares to CBT in individual settings. Provide specific examples from your own practicum experiences. Then, explain challenges counselors might encounter when using CBT in the family setting. Support your position with specific examples from this week’s media (see upload)

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Family Settings versus Individual Settings

During family therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is used to identify behavioral goals, achieve goals using theoretical techniques, and learn social reinforces to accomplish the goals. CBT for family therapy helps to identify strengths and weaknesses of family. Individuals and groups of the family are in behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects of interaction to help plan for care or as an intervention plan (Nichols, 2014).  During family therapy, family members influence each other including the group behaviors. Therefore, during group therapy, paying attention to individual’s cognitions, emotions, and practices is critical.  For example what can be observed is the actions of the group towards an individual and the essential aspects of family relationships as seen in Johnson’s family.

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Individual CBT looks into the personal experiences especially how the client behaves, feels, and responds to therapy questions. Besides, the therapy leads to behavioral change and both primary and secondary thinking (Wheeler, 2014). Therefore, the main aim of a therapist is to ensure the care plan intervention is individualized to help respond and react to specific stimuli or challenges — the primary techniques to change the patient’s way of thinking using reattribution as observed in the film.  For example, the lady in the movie shared her story and accounts of how she was raped in a party, and she has since blamed herself and accepted all the blame Laureate Education, 2013). Therefore, individual therapy will aim at changing her feelings, cognitions, and emotions and to help her understand that it was not her fault but the rapist fault.

The major challenge that therapist face during both group and individual therapy are that clients are sometimes not willing to share their stories. For example, the lady mentioned that she often feels hurt whenever she shares the story with anybody and in some instances interrupted the therapist (Laureate Education, 2013). Thus, therapies need to understand that individuals in a family deal with emotions differently and it is essential to use individualized focused treatment during family therapy.

 

References

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013c). Johnson family session 3 [Video file]. Author: Baltimore, MD.

Nichols, M. P. (2014). The essentials of family therapy. Boston: Pearson.

Wheeler, K. (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse a how-to guide for evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.

 

 

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Family Genogram -Kate Andrews

Family Genogram -Kate Andrews

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Assess client families presenting for psychotherapy
  • Develop genograms for client families presenting for psychotherapy

To prepare:

  • Select a client family that you have observed or counseled at your practicum site.
  • Reflect on elements of writing a comprehensive client assessment and creating a genogram for the client you selected.

The Assignment

NOTE TO WRITER:  You can make up any information in the family client assessment.  Be aware that the family was seen for drug addiction during a family therapy session.

Family Genogram -Kate Andrews

Part 1: Comprehensive Client Family Assessment

Create a comprehensive client assessment for your selected client family that addresses (without violating HIPAA regulations) the following:

  • Demographic information
  • Presenting problem
  • History or present illness
  • Past psychiatric history
  • Medical history
  • Substance use history
  • Developmental history
  • Family psychiatric history
  • Psychosocial history
  • History of abuse and/or trauma
  • Review of systems
  • Physical assessment
  • Mental status exam
  • Differential diagnosis
  • Case formulation
  • Treatment plan

Part 2: Family Genogram

Develop a genogram for the client family you selected. The genogram should extend back at least three generations (parents, grandparents, and great grandparents).

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Part 1: Comprehensive Client Family Assessment

Demographics:  Kate Andrews is a 40-year-old woman and is married to Bob and is also currently living with her son and her father who has Alzheimer’s disease. She is a devout Christian and works as a teacher in a nearby school. Bob is currently jobless.

Presenting problem: Kate is anxious about life and she complains of insomnia and is easily irritable. Bob, on the other hand, is frustrated about unemployment and hence takes alcohol to calm down

History of present illness: Kate exhibited insomnia and irritability for about four years. Two years ago, a clinician offered antidepressants but she declined and hoped that she would get help from God. Bob has been anxious since he lost his job one year ago.

Family Genogram -Kate Andrews

Past psychiatric history: Kate’s symptoms started a few years into her marriage but became severe when Bob became jobless as he also became violent. She was given antidepressants but did not take them. Bob has not sought any help yet.

Medical history: Kate was offered antidepressants but declined to take them. She has been searching for home remedies online including calming concoctions and some exercises such as yoga; she acknowledges that she needs support to cope. Bob and Kate have no other medical issue.

Substance use history: Kate and Bob indulge in alcohol use to calm down

Developmental history: Kate is the firstborn in a strongly religious family of three children, two girls and a boy. Her mother died when she was about ten years old. She was a healthy child and she exhibited exemplary performance in school. Bob is an only child in their family and also has had a healthy childhood although he experienced domestic violence as a child. Both of his parents are alive and there are no mental issues in his history.

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Family psychiatric history: Kate’s grandfather has been diagnosed with depression and her father was at some point diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Her great-grandmother was schizophrenic. Her grandmother committed suicide and her sister has been diagnosed with an eating disorder. Bob’s father was violent, but there is no other mental history in the family.

Psychosocial history: The family is living with their son and Kate’s father who is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. They have close friends although Kate also has friends from church who visit and pray with her.

History of abuse/trauma: Bob has been violent and found every reason to beat her up and hurl insults at her since he lost his job. Kate is sad about the state of affairs and is overwhelmed about having to shoulder the responsibilities in the family.

Review of systems

The two look okay generally, there are no major issues. Genrally,l they exhibit malaise and they complain of blurry eyesight. Kate has a sore throat and there is no coughing or wheezing. On musculoskeletal assessment, Bob shows tension in the neck, shoulders, and legs. Psychiatric assessment reveals that there are No thoughts of suicide or hallucinations, although they both exhibit insomnia, and sadness.

Physical assessment: Kate has tension in the neck and shoulders, eyes are red and puffy and Bob looks very tired. Kate has no fever but has lost weight.

Family Genogram -Kate Andrews

Mental status exam: On appearance, Kate has a build posture but exhibits sad emotional expressions. Bob is not well-groomed and has untidy hair and he is unable to maintain eye contact unlike Kate.  Kate speaks while taking long pauses although she is fluent. She is conscious and also has memory although she also goes ahead to provide unnecessary information.

Differential diagnosis: although they have substance abuse as the main issue, the differential diagnosis includes Sadness, Adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD. According to Lokko and stern, (2014), sadness occurs when a person exhibits dissatisfaction with life, sorrow, and hopelessness. It presents in different ways and may include insomnia or changes in eating patterns (Bröer, & Besseling, 2017).Casey et al. (2015), define Adjustment disorder with depressed mood as occurring when the patient experiences a change in life which makes them feel overwhelmed. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by a patient showing signs of excessive worry for more than six months (Bui et al .2017).

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Case formulation: Kate and Bob both show worry and anxiety about the inability to take care of their son and Kate’s father. Using the metacognitive model, it becomes evident that Kate is worried that she will be unable to meet their needs while Bob is anxious because he is unemployed. The metacognitive model explains by explaining that ruminative thinking makes an individual to repetitively think about the issues that affect a person’s negative emotional experience (Solem, et al. 2016). It, therefore, influences an individual to get worried and this is stored in their long-term memory. Kate and Bob’s worry triggers ruminative thinking and they remember their troubles and consequently think of the recycled thoughts and emotions, which further bring about rumination and the cycle continues. They then indulge in substance use, as a way to help them out of the problem.

Treatment

  • Medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to ease the symptoms of depressed mood and anxiety (Ionescu et al. 2015).
  • Psychotherapy

 

Part 2: Kate’s Family Genogram

 

Family Genogram -Kate Andrews

 

 

 

References

 Bröer, C., & Besseling, B. (2017). Sadness or depression: Making sense of low mood and the

Medicalization of everyday life. Social Science & Medicine, 183, 28-36.

Bui, E., Anderson, E., Goetter, E. M., Campbell, A. A., Fischer, L. E., Barrett, L. F., & Simon,

  1. M. (2017). Heightened sensitivity to emotional expressions in generalized anxiety disorder, compared to social anxiety disorder, and controls. Cognition and Emotion, 31(1), 119-126. doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1087973

Casey, P., Jabbar, F., O’Leary, E., & Doherty, A. M. (2015). Suicidal behaviors in adjustment

Disorder and depressive episode. Journal of affective disorders, 174, 441-446. doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.003Get rights and content

Ionescu, D. F., Rosenbaum, J. F., & Alpert, J. E. (2015). Pharmacological approaches to the

Challenge of treatment-resistant depression. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience17(2), 111–126.

Lokko, H. N., & Stern, T. A. (2014). Sadness: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. The primary

Care companion for CNS disorders, 16(6), 10.4088/PCC.14f01709. doi:10.4088/PCC.14f01709

Solem, S., Hagen, R., Hoksnes, J. J., & Hjemdal, O. (2016). The metacognitive model of

Depression: an empirical test in a large Norwegian sample. Psychiatry research, 242, 171-173. doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.056

 

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Practicum Journal Entry

Practicum Journal Entry

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Apply documentation skills to examine family therapy sessions *
  • Develop diagnoses for clients receiving family psychotherapy *
  • Analyze legal and ethical implications of counseling clients with psychiatric disorders *

Select two clients you observed or counseled this week during a family therapy session. Note: The two clients you select must have attended the same family session.

NOTE TO WRITER:  You can make up any two clients that are related that were seen for drug or alcohol addiction therapy along with making up their histories or medications.  And please use the group therapy progress note in the additional materials.

Then, address in your Practicum Journal the following:

  • Using the Group Therapy Progress Note in this week’s Learning Resources, document the family session.
  • Describe (without violating HIPAA regulations) each client, and identify any pertinent history or medical information, including prescribed medications.
  • Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), explain and justify your diagnosis for each client.
  • Explain any legal and/or ethical implications related to counseling each client.
  • Support your approach with evidence-based literature

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Practicum Journal Entry

The journal entry focuses on documentation skills during a therapy session. The paper diagnoses two clients under psychotherapy and analyzes the legal and ethical implications of the therapy used to counsel the patients.

Client #1

Michael Darwin is a 30-year-old Caucasian male working at APS. He was raised by a single parent, and her mother is dead after committing suicide due to anxiety and depression.

Presenting Problems: Depression and Mood Disorders

Michael is a withdrawn individual during therapy sessions. His hair and clothes are clean, and he denies suicidal ideation. However, he admits struggling working due to lack of concentration due to lack of enough sleep.

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Medical History

The patient struggles with depression and often isolates himself from friends and family members. There are no issues of both psychological and physical abuse, but he was diagnosed with depression at 17 years old.  The patient uses Zoloft 100mg daily for depression.

 Diagnosis

The patient has experienced a loss of pleasure and depressed mood for about two weeks. The symptoms cause lack of concentration at work and other activities during the day.  Impairment in social work-related activities is caused by depressed mood, recurrent thoughts of death, insomnia, diminished interest and agitation (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

 

Group Therapy Progress Note

Client:  Michael Darwin                                                       Date: 9-21-2019

Group name: Psychological Health Group

 Minutes: 45 

Group session: # 2    

Meeting attended is #: 4 for this client.

Number present in group: 2 of 4 scheduled

Start time:  11: 00 AM         

 End time: 11: 50 AM

Assessment of client

  1. Participation level: ❑ Active/eager ❑ Variable ❑ Only responsive ❑ Minimal ❑ Withdrawn
  2. Participation quality: ❑ Expected ❑ Supportive ❑ Sharing ❑ Attentive ❑ Intrusive

❑ Monopolizing ❑ Resistant ❑ Other: _____________________________________

  1. Mood: ❑ Normal ❑ Anxious ❑ Depressed Angry ❑ Euphoric ❑ Other: _______________
  2. Affect: ❑ Normal ❑ Intense ❑ Blunted ❑ Inappropriate ❑ Labile ❑ Other:_______________
  3. Mental status: ❑ Normal ❑ Lack awareness ❑ Memory problems ❑ Disoriented ❑ Confused

❑ Disorganized ❑ Vigilant ❑ Delusions ❑ Hallucinations ❑ Other:__________________

  1. Suicide/violence risk: ❑ Almost none ❑ Ideation ❑ Threat ❑ Rehearsal ❑ Gesture ❑ Attempt
  2. Change in stressors: ❑ Less severe/fewer ❑ Different stressors ❑ More/more severe ❑ Chronic
  3. Change in coping ability/skills: ❑ No change ❑ Improved ❑ Less able ❑ Much less able
  4. Change in symptoms: ❑ Same ❑ Less severe ❑ Resolved ❑ More severe ❑ Much worse

 

  1. Other observations/evaluations:_________________________________

In-session procedures

Expression of feelings experienced

Discussion on coping skills

Home Work

Provision of a book on psychological and physical coping mechanisms

Other Comments

Anger management, loss of mood, and withdrawal are critical issues that the patient need to manage through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

Practicum Journal Entry

 

 

Client #2

Lynn Turner is a 34-year-old Hispanic female working as a nurse in a Community Center of Trauma. She has two children and lives in a gated community with low levels of crime.  Her husband died in a rock accident while working as a truck driver.

Presenting Problem: Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD

The patient is alert, oriented, and attentive during therapy sessions. His mood seems depressed and anxious. However, she denies having thoughts of committing homicide or suicide. But the client admits having memory problems and lack of awareness during work.

Medical History

The client mentions that she has seen a psychological therapist as a child. Ever since there have never been issues with depression and anxiety until she lost her husband in a truck accident. The client uses Xanax 1 mg and Paxil 40mg daily to relieve severe stress.

Diagnosis

The client is suffering from a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder due to the psychological trauma and other clinical symptoms she faces. PTSD is caused through the following experiences of traumatic events: exposure to stressor, intrusion symptoms, persistent avoidance, and negative alterations in mood and cognition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Group Therapy Progress Note

Client:  Lynn Turner                                                  Date: 9-21-2019

Group name: Psychological Health Group

 Minutes: 45 

Group session: # 2    

Meeting attended is #: 3 for this client.

Number present in group: 2 of 4 scheduled

Start time:  11: 00 AM         

 End time: 11: 50 AM

Assessment of client

  1. Participation level: ❑ Active/eager ❑ Variable ❑ Only responsive ❑ Minimal ❑ Withdrawn
  2. Participation quality: ❑ Expected ❑ Supportive ❑ Sharing ❑ Attentive ❑ Intrusive

❑ Monopolizing ❑ Resistant ❑ Other: _____________________________________

  1. Mood: ❑ Normal ❑ Anxious Depressed ❑ Angry ❑ Euphoric ❑ Other: _______________
  2. Affect: ❑ Normal ❑ Intense ❑ Blunted ❑ Inappropriate ❑ Labile ❑ Other:_______________
  3. Mental status: ❑ Normal Lack awarenessMemory problems ❑ Disoriented ❑ Confused

❑ Disorganized ❑ Vigilant ❑ Delusions ❑ Hallucinations ❑ Other:__________________

  1. Suicide/violence risk: ❑ Almost none ❑ Ideation ❑ Threat ❑ Rehearsal ❑ Gesture ❑ Attempt
  2. Change in stressors: ❑ Less severe/fewer ❑ Different stressors ❑ More/more severe ❑ Chronic
  3. Change in coping ability/skills: ❑ No change ❑ Improved ❑ Less able ❑ Much less able
  4. Change in symptoms: ❑ same ❑ Less severe ❑ Resolved ❑ More severe Much worse
  5. Other observations/evaluations:________________________________________________________

In-session procedures

Expression of feelings experienced

Discuss what relaxation means

Discussion on coping skills

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Home Work

Provision of a book on psychological and physical coping mechanisms

Practicum Journal Entry

Other Comments

Anger management, loss of mood, and withdrawal are critical issues that the patient need to manage through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

Legal and Ethical Implications

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a health care act that ensures client health information is protected during the provision of healthcare services. Confidentiality is critical during the provision of group therapy. However, psychiatrists do not have control of the patient’s information and ensuring patients privacy often become challenging. Therefore, the psychiatrists need to educate their patients on the importance of group therapy. Trust among group members ensures good relations and flow of information to guarantee quality care and counseling.

Appropriateness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a critical therapy for clients with psychological needs. It aims to develop coping requirements that help in the management of anxiety, PTSD, and depression (Keane, 2018). CBT is made up of three levels: negative automatic thoughts, core beliefs, and dysfunctional assumptions (McLeod, 2015). Thus, CBT focuses on self-discovery and help patients conceptualize and understand the reason behind their mental conditions and thoughts, thereby encouraging positive changes.

 

References

 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

Washington, DC: Author.

Fenn, K., & Byrne, M. (2013). The key principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Education

and inspiration for general practice, 6(9), 579-585. DOI:10.1177/1755738012471029

Keane, H. (2018). Facing addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol,

Drugs, and Health U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services, Office Of The Surgeon General Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016 382 pp. Drug and Alcohol Review, 37(2), 282-283. DOI:10.1111/dar.12578

 

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Identify the Fallacy-Good Democracy

Identify the Fallacy-Good Democracy

VERY IMPORTANT: It requires 100-150 words count per answer for each question.

 

Please answer the following questions. (need answers only, no heading page need it)

 

1-Identify the fallacy and explain:

Male immigrants crossing into the U.S. may be illegal, but what other option do they have t support their family?

2-From the debate, what seems to be McNamee’s primary rhetorical appeal? Use evidence from the debate video to support your observation.

3- Identify the fallacy and explain your answer:

Americans who don’t stand for the pledge of allegiances absolutely hate democracy!

4- From the article “Facebook is now a vital part of our democracy” what do we learn is unique about Generation Z and Millennials and their political action?

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

1-Identify the fallacy and explain:

Male immigrants crossing into the U.S. may be illegal, but what other option do they have to support their family?  

The rhetorical question depicts that immigration into the U.S. is the only option that male immigrants have to support their families. This view tries to show that the places where the immigrants come from do not offer opportunities for people to support their families. This point of view is wrong because pursuit for economic opportunities is not the only reason for illegal migration. Some people cross over to reunite with their families. In addition, others try to run away from political and religious persecution. From another perspective, the depiction is also wrong because it draws the picture that people without families do not cross the border.

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2-From the debate, what seems to be McNamee’s primary rhetorical appeal? Use evidence from the debate video to support your observation.

From the debate, McNamee mainly persuades the audience using an ethos rhetoric appeal. This feature involves development of information that can be seen as credible by the audience. For instance, he reveals his experience of social media. He also tries to bring out the view that he understands the problems caused by social media towards democratic development. He cites an incident where Russia is perceived to have been involved in a manipulation of the last Presidential elections. Since the act is known by many Americans, his perspective can be viewed to be credible by the audience.

Identify the Fallacy-Good Democracy

3- Identify the fallacy and explain your answer:

Americans who don’t stand for the pledge of allegiances absolutely hate democracy!

The view that not standing for pledge of allegiance is a show of hatred for democracy is a wrong perspective. While the stand reveals that one is patriotic to the flag and the nation, an individual need to fully understand the meaning of the pledge.  From this notion, it can be argued that some people may not understand the pledge of allegiance because they have not been educated about it. From another perspective, democracy may mean the freedom to choose. Therefore, individuals who tend to focus on other issues of American liberty may still have a strong belief on democracy.

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4- From the article “Facebook is now a vital part of our democracy” what do we learn is unique about Generation Z and Millennials and their political action?

The article reveals that people from these two generations have become active through social media usage. The author reveals that platforms such as Youtube, Twitter, and Facebook have enabled these people to socialize more. Unlike past generations, these cohorts tend to organize their protests on social media platforms. They are also depicted to interact with politicians through these sites. This revelation shows that these young people do not actively seek for news. Instead, they depend on news finding them. This perspective postulates that the young people do not engage in cumbersome forms of attaining news as they solely depend on social media to practice their democracy.

 

 

 

 

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Precede-Proceed Model

Precede-Proceed Model

PRECEDE-PROCEED Model Based on the review of global health epidemiological applications (methods), apply and analyze data to international public health programs to determine stability/instability of health and wellness of these countries. Select any one of your three countries used in an earlier assignment and determine a serious health issue that country struggles with. Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, design a model to promote health promotion for this public health issue. Country: S. Africa or Ghana

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Precede-Proceed Model

Introduction

While HIV/AIDS is the highest disease killer in South Africa, tuberculosis (TB) takes the highest distinction. Over 80 percent of South Africans are thought to have latent TB. Additionally, individuals who have HIV/AIDS are more likely to get infected with TB (Nieburg, 2015). When people with HIV/AIDS get infected with active TB, they experience accelerated progression of their HIV/AIDS disease. While the South African Department of Health is creating policies and programs to control TB infections, it still faces several challenges. The country has slow GDP growth and high rates of unemployment that limit resources to address health challenges (Nieburg, 2015). A structure to assess and analyze the health needs of a population and to guarantee health promotion like the Precede-proceed model will improve health programs proposed by the South African Department of Health to control TB infections.

Precede-Proceed Model to Promote Health Promotion in South Africa

Precede

            Social Assessment: with over 450,000 people developing TB every year, TB has become a public health issue in South Africa. The country has made significant strides towards the eradication of the disease especially in people with HIV/AIDS. However, more needs to be done.

            Epidemiological Assessment: poverty is a key determinant of TB in South Africa. Therefore, alleviating poverty reduces the risk of TB transmission (“Addressing the Social Determinants of TB”, 2019). An effective model should; design effective poverty reduction strategies, reduce food insecurity, improve living standards, control environmental pollutants, and address lifestyles conditions including reduction of drug use and smoking.

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            Ecological Assessment:  minority races in the country are at a higher risk of contracting TB. Additionally, low income and lack of education are strong risk factors for transmission of tuberculosis. Congestion and pollution accelerate the spread of TB in public areas and in slums (Alvaro-Meca et al. 2016).

Administrative and Policy factors: some of the policy factors include; training for TB infection control for all healthcare workers, improved TB infection and spread control policy guidelines, creation of awareness and education of TB infection control measures, improved hygiene practices and destigmatisation (Zinatsa, Engelbrecht, Rensburg & Kigozi, 2018). Administrative strategies to control the spread of TB in South Africa include; the National Strategic Plan on HIV, TB and STIs 2017-2022, Global Plan to End TB 2016-2020 and the Treatment Action Campaign (Kanabus, 2018).

Proceed

            Implementation: At the individual level, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has been seen to reduce TB infections by 60%. Additionally, rapid molecular techniques should be developed to facilitate rapid treatment (Dowdy et al. 2017). Decongestion is also critical since TB is airborne. To implement the proposed strategies, efforts should be intensified in the geographical areas hard hit by TB. Resources should be provided by the national government in collaboration with other relevant health promotion bodies.

            Process Evaluation: healthcare workers and the South African Health Department should carry out regular program checks to determine if the programs implemented are reaching the targeted population and that program goals are met.

            Impact Evaluation: changes in the rate of new TB infections in the country will be used to determine success of the programs.

            Outcome Evaluation: A decrease or increase in the prevalence of TB in the country will be analyzed. Decreasing rate of TB infections will indicate success of interventions while increasing rates of TB infections will indicate failure of interventions.  

 

References

Alvaro-Meca, A., Diaz, A., Diez, J.M., Resino, R. & Resion, S. (2016). Environmental Factors Related to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients in the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) Era. Public Library of Science, 11(11). Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165944

“Addressing the Social Determinants of TB”. (2019). World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/tb/areas-of-work/treatment/social-determinants/en/

Dowdy, D.W., Grant. A.D., Dheda, K., Nardell, E., Fielding, K. & Moore, D.A. (2017). Designing and Evaluating Interventions to Halt the Transmission of Tuberculosis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 216(6), 654-661. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix320

Kanabus, A. (2018). Information About Tuberculosis. TBFACTS.ORG. Retrieved from www.tbfacts.org

Nieburg, P. (2015). South Africa’s Health Challenges: An Elephant in the Room. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Retrieved from https://www.csis.org/

Zinatsa, F., Engelbrecht, M., Rensburg, A.J. & Kigozi, G. (2018). Voices from the Frontline: Barriers and Strategies to Improve Tuberculosis Infection Control in Primary Health Care Facilities in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 269. Doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3083-0

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Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)

Please use the grid for part one.

Question: Please read carefully.

Federal OR State Legislation

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid Based on the health-related bill you selected, complete the Legislation

Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following: • Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed. • Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill. • Identify the target populations addressed by the bill. • Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees? • Is it receiving press coverage

Advocating for Legislation

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following: • Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position. • Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples. • Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

Please take note:

Tittle page

Ø  Introduction with a purpose statement

Ø  Part one, which is the template with the chosen Bill.

Ø  Part two which is essay form (1-2) pages of the Legislation Testimony/ Advocacy Statement.

Ø  Then conclusion

Ø  Reference page Please make sure is APA format.

In text citation. 100% originality.

No running heads. Masters level paper.

Please use at least 3-4 of the reading resources provided very important. Is part of the instructions. Exp: The congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources to select the bill. And the text book.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

H.R. 728. Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019

Introduction

Continued development of the nursing workforce is important to ensure quality healthcare. Training and education of nurses is important in the provision of quality patient care as well as nurses’ career satisfaction. Lifelong learning for nurses helps in the maintenance of competency, provision of quality patient care as well as enhancing career opportunities for the nurses. The bill “Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019” aims to develop programs that would ensure continued development of nurses. This paper analysis the proposed bill and why it is important to the nursing workforce and the patients as well as gives recommendation on amendments that should be done to the bill.

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid

Health-related Bill Name  

Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019

Bill Number H.R. 728.
Description H.R. 728. VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 main aim is to develop programs for the nursing workforce such as federal funding, support, and nursing education especially for nurses from rural and under deserved communities (Congress.gov, 2019).
Federal or State? Federal
Legislative Intent The bill will help meet the demands of recruitment, retention, and education of nurses. There are over five million licensed Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), Registered Nurses (RNs), and nursing students involved in the nursing profession across the country (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). This support would safeguard the health of the community by ensuring nurses federal investments for nursing research, education, healthcare, and workforce is maintained. The Nursing Community Coalition is committed for the bill to pass to guarantee the community health through nursing lens (Congress.gov, 2019). Thus, funding Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act will ensure Americans both in the rural and urban areas receive high-quality nursing care.

 

Proponents/ Opponents Proponents:

The proponents of the bill include the House Nursing Caucus Co-Chairs, Tulsi Gabbard, and David Joyce; representatives, Lauren Underwood, David McKinley, Kathy Castor, and Suzanne Bonamici and House Nursing Caucus Vice Co-Chairs, Rodney Davis. Besides, the Ranking Member Michael Burgess (R-TX) and the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, have improved their efforts to ensure Title VIII Reauthorization program is passed (Congress.gov, 2019). They are also dedicated to ensuring high-quality nursing care is achieved in the country. Thus, Title VIII Reauthorization program is supported by 62 members of the Nursing Community Coalition (NCC) and remains the main priority for the members of the Congress.

Opponents:

The ANA has many concerns regarding the bill by concluding that it does not align with the healthcare reform principles such as addressing the working conditions for nursing (Capitol Beat, 2019).

Target Population Health programs administration and funding, Education programs funding, Health personnel, Medical education, Nursing students and Colleges, Health facilities and institutions.
Status of the bill (Is it in hearings or committees? Is it receiving press coverage?) The legislation is still in the hearing stage since it was introduced to help curb shortage of nurses in the country through developing training and education of nurses (Congress.gov, 2019). The Nursing Community Coalition looks to ensure the Title VIII Reauthorization program pass in floor and remains as the leading active partner that would ensure it is passed in the 116th Congress (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). Thus, the bill will be critical in providing education opportunities for nurses and facilitate the delivery of quality health care in the country.

The Bill has received press coverage since its inception on January 23, 2019. Notably, it has received press coverage within the nursing community with the help of the Nursing Community Coalition, which represents nurse faculty, advanced practice registered nurses, registered nurses, students, nurse executives, and researchers.  Thus, the Nursing Community Coalition continues to create awareness and support the bill with the hope that it will generate funding for nurses in the future.

General Notes/Comments

 

 

H.R. 728. VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 is still in the hearing stage since it was introduced to help curb shortage of nurses in the country through developing training and education of nurses. The Nursing Community Coalition looks to ensure the Title VIII Reauthorization program pass in floor and remains as the leading active partner that would ensure it is passed in the 116th Congress (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). Thus, the bill will be critical in providing education opportunities for nurses and facilitate the delivery of quality health care in the country. Therefore, the Title VIII Nursing Workforce needs to be passed by the full house to guarantee nurse training and education.

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 ensures nurses are supported, educated, and trained to ensure they provide quality healthcare to the American population. The subcommittee adopted the amendment to ensure nurses get funding to further their education and increase their skills and knowledge in caring for patients (National League for Nursing, 2019). The funding guarantees the flexibility of the country in meeting the health care needs. It is common for nurses to be overlooked despite their dedication and service to the population. Researchers consider that the US is facing issues with increase in chronic and cardiovascular diseases, an aging population, and opioid epidemic, which means the country needs more and well-equipped nurses to care for these populations (Taylor et al., 2017). A bill is also a form of a long-term investment that would help the country to meet challenges within the nursing profession. The nursing schools that the legislation would serve will help to attract more individuals looking to study nursing and increase nursing workforce (Milstead & Short, 2019).  Thus, the Nursing Community Coalition needs to work with CEO of AACN Deborah Trautman to ensure the bill passes in the house.

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The opponents of the Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 should understand that nursing workforce development and the development of evidence-based research is critical in ensuring American health needs are realized. Nurses are the backbone of the health care system in America, and the challenges they undergo is directed to the provision of health care to the American population (National League for Nursing, 2019).  Besides, needs to realize that with the verge of nursing shortage it is essential that all training and recruitment programs are supported to ensure more people enter the nursing profession. For example, the House Energy and Commerce Committee did an excellent job by passing the bill, and it will be essential to see if the legislation is passed through a vote in the House floor (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). Besides, the bill is critical to sustaining and bolstering the country’s nursing profession through addressing issues within the nursing workforce such as retention, recruitment, practice, and education of nurses. The opponents of the bill should also understand the legislation is also aimed to serve both underserved and rural areas. Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization will propel the nursing profession forward and improve the impact of nursing in ensuring the health of Americans is secured (National League for Nursing, 2019). Thus, funding is essential in advancing health care of communities, families, and individuals in the United States by reducing burdensome chronic illness, promoting patient-centered and improving end of life care

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

One amendment of the bill, which should be included in the Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization is to ensure nursing workforce are well equipped to facilitate clinical care and ensure they work in a more conducive environment to help promote patient dignity. Besides, nurses should be encouraged to take responsibility of their personal growth and education through taking advantage of such training programs to increase their knowledge and skills and boost their nursing profession.

Conclusion

As it has been noted, nursing development program would ensure quality patient care as well as career satisfaction for the nurses. The bill proposed would help in nursing career development and consequently ensure quality healthcare provision. Therefore, when the bill is passed it will have tremendous impact to the nursing profession as well as communities, families, and individuals in the United States. The bill will help in advancing healthcare by promoting patient-centered care and help in reducing burden of healthcare to the Americans.

 

References

Capitol Beat (21 August 2019). ANA Capitol Beat. Nurses are speaking and Congress is listening as August recess wraps up. Retrieved from https://anacapitolbeat.org/

Congress.gov. (2019).  H.R.728 – Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019.

Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/728/text?format=txt

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.).

Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

National League for Nursing (NLN). (2019). Workforce. Retrieved from

http://www.nln.org/advocacy-public-policy/legislative-issues/workforce

Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T.

(2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education. Nursing Outlook, 65(2), 346–350. Doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.05.003

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (January 23, 2019) AACN Applauds

Bipartisan Commitment to Support Investments in Nursing Education and Practice. Retrieved from https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Press-Releases/View/ArticleId/23047/title-viii-2019-commitment

 

 

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Action Plan in Counselling

Action Plan in Counselling

If counseling is all talk and no action, it is not effective counseling. The problem is that clients encounter many barriers in carrying out actions they identify in the counseling process.

Write a 750-1,000-word paper discussing action planning and overcoming barriers for client treatment. Please use headings and include the following in your paper:

1.      Discuss the principles for effectively implementing an action plan.

2.      Describe at least five barriers that might interfere with client implementation of the action plans that are created. Include a case example of each barrier.

3.      Outline a counselor intervention that would help to overcome each barrier.

4.      A list of your local community resources for different types of needs.

5.      Outline an aftercare plan that utilized local community resources.

Include at least three scholarly references in your paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Action Plan in Counselling

Introduction

Mental health is an important health field that is helping a lot of people who in the past struggled in silence. For it to be effective, it is important to understand the specific steps that needs to be taken as well as possible barriers to effective treatment and how to overcome them (Treatment, 2014). The following is an analysis explaining principles of effective action plan implementation, its barriers and ways to address the barriers. It also explores possible resources available to assist the clients and how they can be used for the benefit of the patient.

Action Plan in Counselling

Principles of Effective Action Plan

The first principle for an effective treatment plan is that of clarity in that all the activities that are to be done need to be clearly defined as well the period they will run. The second principle is that of sufficiency. It explains that for an action plan to be effective then all of the objectives that were defined before its implementation are done (Treatment, 2014). The third on is that of resources. For an action plan to be effective there needs to be very specific resources that are available to the person. Principle of resources require that the resources need are well explained as well as how they will be availed. Finally, the action plan needs to meet the principle of flexibility. It explains that for an action plan to be effective, then it needs to be one that can respond effectively to new changes as well as emerging barriers and opportunities.

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Barriers

One of the barriers to be addressed is stigma. A lot of people suffering from mental problems are stigmatized which can make them not want to take advantage of the resources available to address the problems for fear of being stigmatized. For example, people tend to categorize any person receiving any mental health related care as being crazy which can inhibit the willingness from seeking help so as not to be categorized as such. Another barrier is financial (Treatment, 2014). Treatment can be expensive and implementation of action plan will need specific resources that might need to be paid to acquire. Many who do not have the financial capacity to pay for these resources can struggle to effectively address their problem. For example, some action plans might need insurance to be effective and if a person cannot afford a cover, then it will be hard to effectively implement it.

Another barrier is reluctance to face problems. A lot of people that need counselling tend to be unwilling to take the necessary steps for them to get better due to various reasons such as being in denial (Drake & Latimer, 2014). For example, an action plan might need an individual to apologize for something that they did and if unwilling, then it is hard to implement that part of the plan. For those people, it will be hard to get the right assistance because they do not feel like the need it in the first place. Many of them also do not feel like counselling and the steps that need to be taken will be effective and the end up not either seeking help or following up on everything that needs to be done. Other health problems can also be a source of barrier to effective implementation of an action plan. For example, those suffering from health problems such as HIV/AIDS or with chronic diseases that are painful may be unable to be actively involved in all required activities. Finally, there are also many system problems that can also result in barriers. For example, if a person was getting help from Medicaid to implement the action plan and end up taking a better paying job, then they will not be eligible to getting the financial help anymore.

Resources available for Various Needs

There are various resources available to those who need them. For information, some of the online resources include American psychological association, American Psychiatric Association, and Psychology Today websites. For military and Veterans, they can get the help they need from the veteran affairs offices, military pathways offices and the national association on mental illness. For the young people, some resources that are available to them include the US office of adolescent health, Jed foundation, youth.gov and law lifeline (Sanetti & DiGennaro Reed, 2014). The Mental Health America (MHA) is also a viable option for many and is community based. Among the resources it provides include screening tools and approach to getting help among others.

Action Plan in Counselling

Aftercare Plan

A good after plan provides assistance after the action plan implementation to ensure that a person continue of the upwards trajectory of recovery. A good option to consider is joining a support group. The aftercare plan needs to start with finding a good after care group near and individual and cites such as Mental Health America can help (Drake & Latimer, 2014). One will then need to approach the group which is in most cases made up of people recovering from similar problems. It gives them a chance to share and talk about their experiences as well as offer support to each other. This can help a person feel strengthened and have people to talk to during challenging times.

Conclusion

Mental health is an important issue in America and action plans are central to an effective recovery. They need to have some specific principle to be effective. It is also important to identify barriers that can inhibit successful implementation and devise ways to eliminate them. Finally, one needs to have an effective aftercare plan to assist the person recovering to keep moving forward.

References

Drake, R. E., & Latimer, E. (2014). Lessons learned in developing community mental health care in North America. World Psychiatry, 11(1), 47-51. doi:10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.01.007

Sanetti, L. M., & DiGennaro Reed, F. D. (2014). Barriers to Implementing Treatment Integrity Procedures in School Psychology Research. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 37(4), 195-202. doi:10.1177/1534508411432466

Treatment, C. F. (2014). Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Abuse Treatment.

 

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Floating Improvement Program

Floating Improvement Program

In this assignment, you will propose a quality improvement initiative from your place of employment that could easily be implemented if approved. Assume you are presenting this program to the board for approval of funding. Write an executive summary (750-1,000 words) to present to the board, from which the board will make its decision to fund your program or project. Include the following:

  1. The purpose of the quality improvement initiative.
  2. The target population or audience.
  3. The benefits of the quality improvement initiative.
  4. The interprofessional collaboration that would be required to implement the quality improvement initiative.
  5. The cost or budget justification.
  6. The basis upon which the quality improvement initiative will be evaluated.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful

I wanted it to be written over nurses floating to other units and them getting properly trained. I work on a mom/baby unit

nurses get stressed from floating to other units

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Floating Improvement Program

Introduction

Quality health improvement programs are proven ways health organizations can deploy to meet the competitive demands of patient protection frameworks such as Medicare. The need for efficient supply chain processes that improve patient outcomes as well as limiting treatment costs imply strategic alternatives to traditional healthcare delivery. This essay discusses alternative approaches to nurse floating; outlining improvement approaches aimed at benefiting both the nurses, patients and the health organization. Also discussed is the required interprofessional collaboration, budget justification and the basis for evaluation.

Floating Improvement Program

Program’s Purpose and Target Population

Floating of nurses across different units in my health organization has proved a key challenge for most of the nursing staff. Moving these caregivers from their units of specialization to provide services in unfamiliar units presents most health workers with different concerns that range from anxiety and uncertainty to severe challenges such as inability to provide timely and adequate care (Trossman, 2014). This indeed compromises the overall quality of health outcomes thereby necessitating floating interventions that relieve nurses of the pressure as well as providing patients with quality care.

Adopting a Nursing Float Development Program admits that nursing shortages are a reality in most care units and that effectively managing floating allows deprived units the benefit of additional nurses from different units during their time of need (Larson, Sendelbach, Missal, Fliss, & Gaillard, 2012). The knowledge gap seen in nurses working in new environments will be addressed by developing a skills acquisition program that aims at training nurses in common skill sets. This directly boosts the confidence of float nurses away from their professional units (Trossman, 2014). Pediatric and cardiac nurses, for example, will receive training in emergency care resulting in quality emergency outcomes. This approach will be adopted for individual or groups of nursing units on a voluntary basis allowing nurses to train in skill sets of their preferences. This approach assures better nurse participation in floating programs.

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Establishing a dedicated pool of floating nurses will also be mandated under the nursing quality improvement program. This initiative will require the health organization to hire additional nursing personnel who will be imbued with the scarce nursing resources within the facility such as cardiac and emergency care skills. Having no home unit implies that this pool of caregivers will be easily programed to meet the day to day care requirements in most of the units. Ensuring that highly qualified and skilled nurses form this pool promises efficient services even in highly technical circumstances.

Developing a comprehensive floating resource plan will equally contribute to the efforts of addressing floating challenges. The resource plan primarily equips the float nurse with the unit’s information including team contact addresses, documentation protocols, safety procedures, and shift routines (Larson et al., 2012). Adequate training in some of these standard procedures ensures that floating nurses integrate positively with the unit nurses for improved health delivery and patient satisfaction.

Program Benefits and Interprofessional Collaboration

A major influence of the program is to relieve nurses of the tension and uncertainty they face whenever they encounter circumstances that significantly differ from their accustomed work stations (Trossman, 2014). This effort acknowledges that employee satisfaction is a major contributor to positive health outcomes. The Nursing Float Development Program achieves these aims by ensuring float nurses are well adapted to different units to help address the chronic challenge of nursing shortages. Reducing the stress and anxiety faced by float nurses by implementing and developing various resources that direct nurses in new environments ensures that float nurses are more confident of their skills and the resources at their disposal. This is a clear way of boosting their efficiency and responsiveness in unfamiliar units (Trossman, 2014).

Developing nursing competencies by addressing their knowledge gaps in different skill sets enhances their relevance in the healthcare setting. Being able to adequately provide services in more than a single specialist unit increases the demand of the individual nurse opening them up for better opportunities in their practice. Another significant benefit of the improvement program that contributes to a vibrant workforce is the program’s capacity to limit involuntary floating which acts as a key source of nurse’s dissatisfaction (Larson et al., 2012). Investing in a dedicated floating pool implies that floating needs are handled with a predetermined regularity which eliminates the uncertainty faced by both armature and experienced nurses.

Nursing Paper Help

All efforts towards improving the nursing experience during floating are a major contributor of lower turnovers since this lessens the burden faced by the nurses as well as creating enabling environments that ensure patients obtain the highest quality care (Trossman, 2014). Effectively covering the patient needs is a quality outcome that the improvement program is determined to achieve.

Interproffesional collaboration on the other hand admits that the nursing environment is a sophisticated area and that collaboration from other health professionals is pivotal for a sustainable healthcare system. Effective development and implementation of the floating program will involve the contribution of practically all nursing units within my care facility. Nursing teachers also play an essential role in the training of float nurses. Ensuring that float nurses are well versed in different skill sets required in the hospital’s health units signifies the role of interprofessional collaboration. Physicians working throughout the organization should also be aware of the presence of float nurses in their work stations and provide the adequate support needed for smooth operations. Technicians in all units also provide essential collaborative support by equipping float nurses with the technical knowhow required to operate equipment of different orientations.

Budget Justification and Evaluation Metrics

             A significant amount of the program budget will go towards the training of nurses in the organization and developing a float pool. Training programs will involve each nurse picking at least one unit which they would be confortable to serve as a float. The training aims to equip about 220 nurses, in the process incurring about $950,000. This amount will cater for all training needs including the allowances for the nurses. Another $1,200,000 will be utilized to establish a dedicated float pool of highly skilled nurses. 40 specialist nurses are to be hired to serve in this capacity.

Predominant evaluation parameters will include patient satisfaction scores, turnover rates, and the costs of care. Patient satisfaction is a key determinant of the program’s success enabling the organization to see its impact on patient welfare. A reduction in nurse turnover rates will demonstrate the impact of the program in improving the working conditions of the float nurses. The costs of administering basic healthcare should also be minimized through increased efficiency of service delivery. This makes the cost of healthcare after the program an important evaluation parameter.

Conclusion

The shortage of nurses in healthcare provision presents health organizations with a unique challenge. Floating is one strategy that institutions can adopt with increased chances to better patient outcomes and minimize instances of nurse turnovers. The Nursing Float Development Program aims to equip nurses with essential skills in several health units to increase their effectiveness in new care environments. Establishing a float pool of specialized nurses is an initiative that seeks to mitigate the consistent shortage of nurses throughout the different units of care in my health organization.

References

Larson, N., Sendelbach, S., Missal, B., Fliss, J., & Gaillard P. (2012). Staffing patterns of scheduled unit staff nurses vs. float pool nurses: A pilot study. Medsurg Nurs, 21(1), 27-39.

Trossman, S. (2014). On less familiar ground: Strategies aim to reduce random floating, improve the experience. Am Nurse, 46(1), 7. Retrieved from www.theamericannurse.org.

 

 

 

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Professional Obligations of Advanced Nurses

Professional Obligations of Advanced Nurses

Advanced registered nursing graduates are entering the profession at dynamic time when roles and scope of practice are shifting based on developments in legislation and policy in response to the evolving needs of the health care system. Professional nursing organizations play an important role in making sure the perspectives of advanced registered nurses are heard, and in supporting nurse specialties in their efforts to expand their scope of practice and their full participation throughout the health care system.

For this assignment, you will conduct research on the current scope of practice for your specialty and efforts that are being made to expand that scope and the role of the advanced nurse in positively influencing the health care system. Write a 1,250-1,500-word paper that includes the following:

  1. A discussion of the scope of your future role as an advanced registered nurse- NURSE EDUCATOR, including any regulatory, certification, or accreditation agencies that define that scope.
  2. A discussion of three professional nursing organizations that you think are most influential in advancing the scope and influence of advanced nursing. Of these organizations, evaluate the one that you would most like to join. How do its goals and mission fit in with your worldview and philosophy of care? How might membership in this organization improve your practice?
  3. A discussion of a controversial or evolving issue that is most likely to affect your scope of practice or role in the next few years. How do you think this issue could influence the profession and other stakeholders, and why does it matters to the advanced registered nurse?

You are required to cite five to 10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Future Scope, Role, and Professional Obligations

Introduction

Advanced registered nursing graduates are going into a nursing field that is changing fast. They need to have a good understanding of specific issues happening in their field and how they can affect their practice as well as how they can take advantage of them. The following analysis discusses the scope of an advanced registered nurse-nurse educator, the regulators, and certification as well as accreditation bodies in place. It also discusses three key professional nursing organization and why American Nursing Association ANA stands out. Finally, it explores the evolving issue of nurse shortage and how it is going to affect the profession. With the increased responsibilities, an advanced nurse needs to have a good understanding of the scope of their role, the organizations to join and evolving issues and how they will affect their practice.

Scope of Advanced Registered Nurse – Nurse Educator

As a nurse educator, one is expected to use their experience and knowledge to bring knowledge as well enthusiasm in the process of training and preparing the students to be great nurses for generations to come (Hall & Mast, 2015). The role of nurse educator includes facilitating learning as well as using assessment and evaluation strategies to gauge how ready the students are for a future career in nursing and guide them accordingly on their areas of weakness. Nurse educators also participate in curriculum design and also help in evaluation of program outcomes. They are also engaged in scholarship, work as agents of change and as leaders as well as work on ways to make nurse educator role even better. They are involved in major activities that help to produce competent nurses that are going to meet the ever-changing needs of the health care sector.

Professional Obligations of advanced nurses

A lot of regulatory activities for nurse educators are conducted at the state level although the National Council of States Boards of Nursing also is involved. The regulators use the provision of the Nurse Practice act to come up with their regulatory guides (Rose & Regan-Kubinski, 2014). A case would be an educator working in Texas, the Texas state board of Nursing provides licensing, regulation, and monitoring or all the licensed nurse in the state including educators. For accreditation, the Accreditation Commission for Education in nursing which is a non-governmental organization accredits the educational programs and educators. The commission on Collegiate Nursing Education is also involved on matters of quality and integrity of programs offered and their mandate include regulation of the educators themselves.

Professional Obligations of advanced nurses

Nationally, the most famous accreditation body for nurse educators is the national league of nurses.it established the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission with the primary role of accreditation (Rose & Regan-Kubinski, 2014). The commission has since changed its name to Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation CNEA. The commission describes its accreditation activities as guided by its parent body’s core value of diversity, integrity, and excellence. NLN is also involved in the certification programs through the Academic Nurse Educator Certification program. It offers two nurse educator certifications which are certified nurse educator and certified academic nurse educator. For the certified nurse educator, they facilitate learning by teaching, evaluating, and curriculum design. Certified academic nurse educators facilitating learning for students using clinical components of the learning program.

Nursing Organizations

There exist many professional nurses’ organizations for one to choose. One of those organizations is the American Nurses Association and it is one of the oldest and largest organizations in the in the country. Members receive many benefits from joining such as accessing an online library with various academic sources that relate to nursing (Mathews, 2015). It can be very helpful especially for those nurses that are involved in study or research activities. Members also get access to webinars on various topics that cover various areas of their profession. Members also get to save money on areas of certification and publications as they receive special offers. ANA is also credited with the development of the code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statement which is a huge source of guidelines on the steps that nurses need to make in ensuring that they operate ethically and helps to promote the scope of advanced nursing.

A second organization to consider is the hospice and palliative nurses association. The organization focuses mainly on hospice and palliative care as its name suggests. Nurses work in areas where dealing with death can be an often occurrence and they find being a member of this organization helpful as members support each other (Catallo, Spalding, & Haghiri-Vijeh, 2014). It provides a strong support system for nurses especially during the tough times when they lose patients or are exposed to a lot of human suffering. The organization allows members to have access to various professional journals that touch on areas of hospice and palliative care. Most of the members that join become either mentees or are mentors to others. Other benefits that members get include training on leadership skills and learn on approaches to better deal with patients and colleagues at work.

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Finally, nurses can also choose to be members of national league of nurses. It is an organization operating in the entire USA and its members are those in nursing education and faculty nurses. Among some of the benefits that members receive and which can help promote the work of advanced nursing is helping with faculty development (Catallo, Spalding, & Haghiri-Vijeh, 2014). It also allows members to network and provides testing services as well as providing grants for nurse involved in research. It is a good organization to consider for those in the teaching area mainly because it focuses on helping them become better educators. It is also one of the only few organizations that focus exclusively on the education sector and therefore gives that undivided attention on one specific area.

Professional Obligations of advanced nurses

The organization that is most interesting of the three is the ANA. There are several issues that makes it stand out key of them being ethics. As the developer of the code of ethics used in nursing work, stands for great issues that a lot of modern nurses would want to associate with (Mathews, 2015). As a nurse, it is natural for one to be attracted to ethics and human rights. The organization has it as one of its core areas and even has a center of ethics and human rights. Being a member of the organization therefore allows one to be a part of a group of people that are doing something to make the world better in matters of health but also ensure that human rights are protected and promoted.

Nursing Paper Help

Being a member of ANA would also promote a nurse’s practice through provision of free development resources and webinars. Field of nursing is dynamic with new evidence coming in all the time that helps make nurses more effective in their work (Mathews, 2015). Having an organization that allows nurses to have access to these resources will mean that such a nurse will always be in the know and have a chance to continuously improve him/herself.

Evolving Issue

An issue that is emerging and that is likely to impact the scope of practice for advanced registered nurse is nursing shortage. More and more people a living longer and needing care that only nurses can provide. The population is also growing and the demand for healthcare is also growing. Between years 2020 and 2030, the population of Americans older than 65 is expected to increase by close to 20 million people (“U.S. Nursing Workforce in 2018 and Beyond,” 2018). This is most likely to result in increased demand for nurses with research showing that by year 2026, nurses will represent one of the three paths of career that will see the biggest growth in new job openings.

Professional Obligations of advanced nurses

One of the impacts of the issue is that there will be shortages and the existing nurses will be required to work for longer hours and do a lot more work than they would have had to do. This should matter to advanced registered nurse because a lot of them will be having supervisory responsibilities. They will be required to come up with approaches that will help offset the problem and ensure that Americans continue to receive the nursing care that they deserve. Other stakeholder will also need to be involved such as government considering allowing foreign trained nurses to have easier chance of working in the USA

Conclusion

Advanced registered nurses-nurse educator has the responsibility of providing the USA with nurses with the right skills and abilities to perform their duties. However, the existing regulatory, certification and accreditation agencies are doing a great job of assisting with this goal. In America there exists numerous professional nursing organizations to choose from. However, ANA easily stands out from the rest mainly because if its stand on issues of ethics and human rights. In the field of nursing, it is expected that there will be huge shortage in nurses before 2030. Professionals and stakeholders need to come up with approaches to fix the situation while at the same time making do with the limited numbers of professionals’ nurses at their disposal. The future of nursing has its challenges but advanced registered nurses will hopefully be a part of the solution to these problems.

References

Catallo, C., Spalding, K., & Haghiri-Vijeh, R. (2014). Nursing Professional Organizations. SAGE Open, 4(4), 215824401456053. doi:10.1177/2158244014560534

Hall, N., & Mast, M. (2015). We Want You: Nurse educators. Nurse Education in Practice, 15(5), 339-340. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2015.05.003

Mathews, J. (2015). Role of Professional Organizations in Advocating for the Nursing Profession. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursin, 17(1). Retrieved from DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol17No01Man03

Rose, L., & Regan-Kubinski, M. J. (2014). Update on Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Regulation: Licensure, Accreditation, Certification and Education. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 24(6), 440-441. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2010.08.003

The U.S. Nursing Workforce in 2018 and Beyond. (2018). Journal of Nursing Regulation, 8(4), S3-S6. doi:10.1016/s2155-8256(18)30015-2

 

 

 

 

 

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