Posts

Application of Nursing Theories in Clinical Practice

Application of Nursing Theories in Clinical Practice

Application of Nursing Theories – Brief Introduction to Nursing Theories

Nursing theories are conceptual frameworks that provide a foundation for nursing practice. They have evolved over time, influenced by societal changes and advances in healthcare. Nursing theories guide evidence-based practice, inform research, and enhance patient care by helping nurses understand and apply principles of nursing science, human behaviour, and patient care.  Nursing theories provide a framework for understanding and addressing complex nursing issues and concepts, and can be used to guide nursing practice, education, and research.

Types of Nursing Theories

Nursing theories can be categorized into several types, including grand theories, middle-range theories, and practice theories., An example of a grand nursing theory is Ida Jean Orlando-Pelletier’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory. This theory examines the definition of the function of nursing and the interaction between the nurse and the patient. It explains how to use the nursing process to improve patient outcomes. Middle-range nursing theories tend to be more specific in focus and offer more concrete connections between grand nursing theories and nursing practice. Story theory is an example of a middle-range nursing theory that describes story as a narrative happening of connecting with self-in-relation through caring and nursing practices

Practice theories are grounded in practical experience and provide guidance for specific nursing interventions. An example of a practice theory in nursing is the theory of human caring, which was developed by Jean Watson. This theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and the role of caring in promoting healing and well-being. It provides a framework for nurses to practice caring behaviours and to create healing environments that support the patient’s physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.

Additionally, nursing theories can be categorized based on their focus, such as on the patient, the nurse, or the environment, and their level of abstraction

Application of Nursing Theories in Clinical Practice, Education, Research, and Administration.

Nursing theories have been applied in nursing in various ways. For example, nursing theories have been used to guide evidence-based research, which then leads to best practices and policies. These policies and procedures keep patients safe while providing the best care possible. Nursing theories have also been used to develop nursing curricula and guide the education and training of nurses. They have been used to establish nursing as a profession, enhancing the professional status of nurses and promoting the recognition of nursing as a distinct discipline. Nursing theories have also been used to improve patient care and outcomes by providing a scientific and rational basis for nursing interventions. Overall, nursing theories have been essential in guiding nursing practice, education, and research, and improving patient outcomes.

Critique of Nursing Theories

Nursing theories are significant in nursing practice because they provide a framework for understanding and addressing complex nursing issues and concepts. They help nurses to define and describe nursing care, guide nursing practice, and provide a basis for clinical decision-making. Nursing theories also help nurses to evaluate patient care and base nursing interventions on the evaluation of the findings. They provide a rational and scientific justification based on which nurses are inspired to carry on with their practice. Furthermore, nursing theories play a vital role in the evolution of nursing as a discipline. They not only improve the quality of nursing as a service but also affect the overall well-being of the patients and the nurses who are delivering the care. Nursing theories also provide a basis for research and peer-reviewed journals written on the subject of nursing and healthcare.

One of the weaknesses of nursing theories is that they can be too abstract and complex, making it difficult for nurses to apply them in practice. Some nursing theories may also be outdated or not applicable to contemporary nursing practice. Additionally, some nurses may not be familiar with nursing theories or may not see their relevance to their daily practice.

Comparison of Nursing Theories

Nursing theories can be divided into three types: grand nursing theories, middle-range nursing theories, and practice-level nursing theories. Grand nursing theories are broad and abstract, while middle-range nursing theories are more specific and offer more concrete connections to nursing practice. Practice-level nursing theories are even more specific and provide guidance for nursing interventions and outcomes. While grand nursing theories can be too abstract and complex, middle-range and practice-level nursing theories are more verifiable through testing and can be used to guide nursing practice.

Application of Nursing Theories to Guide Nursing Care, Solve Clinical Problems, and Improve Patient Outcomes.

In nursing education, theories are used to guide curriculum development and design learning experiences that promote critical thinking and clinical reasoning. In research, theories guide the development of research questions, hypotheses, and study designs. In administration, theories can inform the development of policies and procedures that promote high-quality patient care and ensure that resources are allocated effectively. In all these areas, nursing theories provide a foundation for understanding the nature and goals of nursing practice and facilitate the advancement of the nursing profession.

Make a Custom Order Here!

Future directions of nursing theories

The future of nursing theories is likely to involve greater integration with other disciplines, such as medicine, psychology, and public health. As healthcare becomes more complex and interdisciplinary, nursing theories will need to adapt to address new challenges and opportunities. Nursing theories will continue to play a vital role in shaping the future of nursing practice by providing a framework for understanding and addressing complex nursing issues and concepts. They will also continue to guide nursing education and research, providing a foundation for nursing curricula and guiding the development of nursing research. As nursing theories evolve and adapt to new challenges, they will continue to enhance the professional status of nurses and promote the recognition of nursing as a distinct discipline. Overall, nursing theories will continue to be essential in guiding nursing practice, education, and research, and improving patient outcomes in the future.

Conclusion

In conclusion, application of nursing theories are essential in guiding nursing practice, education, and research, and improving patient outcomes. They provide a scientific and rational basis for nursing interventions, improve communication between nurses, and provide guidance for research and education. Overall, nursing theories are an essential aspect of nursing practice and will continue to shape the future of nursing as a discipline.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

In this assessment, you will propose a quality improvement (QI) initiative proposal based on a health issue of professional interest to you. The QI initiative proposal will be based on an analysis of dashboard metrics from a health care facility. You have one of two options:

Option 1

If you have access to dashboard metrics related to a QI initiative proposal of interest to you:

  • Analyze data from the health care facility to identify a health care issue or area of concern. You will need access to reports and data related to care quality and patient safety. If you work in hospital setting, contact the quality management department to obtain the data you need.
  • You will need to identify basic information about the health care setting, size, and specific type of care delivery related to the topic that you identify. You are expected to abide by HIPAA compliance standards.
Option 2

If you do not have access to a dashboard or metrics related to a QI initiative proposal:

  • You may use the hospital data set provided in the media piece titled Vila Health: Data Analysis. You will analyze the data to identify a health care issue or area of concern.
  • You will follow the same instructions and provide the same deliverables as your peers who select Option 1.

Instructions

Analyze dashboard metrics related to the selected issue.

  • Provide the selected data set in the proposal.
    • Assess the stability of processes or outcomes.
    • Delineate any problematic variations or performance failures.
  • Evaluate QI initiatives on the selected health issue with existing quality indicators from other facilities, government agencies, and non-governmental bodies on quality improvement.
    • Analyze challenges that meeting prescribed benchmarks can pose for a heath care organization and the interprofessional team.
  • Outline a QI initiative proposal based on the selected health issue and data analysis.
    • Identify target areas for improvement.
    • Define what processes can be modified to improve outcomes.
    • Propose strategies to improve quality.
    • Define interprofessional roles and responsibilities as they relate to the QI initiative.
    • Provide recommendations for effective communication strategies for the interprofessional team to ensure the success of the QI initiative. Briefly reflect on the impact of the proposed initiative on work-life quality of the nursing staff and interprofessional team.
  • Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.

Note: Remember, you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft to Smarthinking for feedback, before you submit the final version of your analysis for this assessment. However, be mindful of the turnaround time for receiving feedback, if you plan on using this free service.

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

The numbered points below correspond to grading criteria in the scoring guide. The bullets below each grading criterion further delineate tasks to fulfill the assessment requirements. Be sure that your Quality Improvement Initiative Evaluation addresses all of the content below. You may also want to read the scoring guide to better understand the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion.

  1. Analyze data to identify a health care issue or area of concern.
    • Identify the type of data you are analyzing (from your institution or from the media piece).
    • Discuss why the data matters, what it is telling you, and what is missing.
    • Analyze dashboard metrics and provide the data set in the proposal.
    • Present dashboard metrics related to the selected issue.
    • Delineate any problematic variations or performance failures.
    • Assess the stability of processes or outcomes.
    • Evaluate the quality of the data and what can be learned from it.
    • Identify trends, outcome measures and information needed to calculate specific rates.
    • Analyze what metrics indicate opportunities for quality improvement.
  2. Outline a QI initiative proposal based on a selected health issue and supporting data analysis.
    • Identify benchmarks aligned to existing QI initiatives set by local, state, or federal health care policies or laws.
    • Identify existing QI initiatives related to the selected issue, and explain why they are insufficient.
    • Identify target areas for improvement, and define what processes can be modified to improve outcomes.
    • Propose evidence-based strategies to improve quality.
    • Evaluate QI initiatives on the selected health issue with existing quality indicators from other facilities, government agencies, and non-governmental bodies on quality improvement.
    • Analyze challenges that meeting prescribed benchmarks can pose for a heath care organization and the interprofessional team.
  3. Integrate interprofessional perspectives to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost effectiveness, and work-life quality.
    • Define interprofessional roles and responsibilities as they relate to the data and the QI initiative.
    • Explain how you would you make sure that all relevant roles are fully engaged in this effort.
    • Explain what non-nursing concepts would you incorporate into the initiative?
    • Identify how outcomes to measure the effect of the intervention affect the interprofessional team.
    • Briefly reflect on the impact of the proposed initiative on work-life quality of the nursing staff and interprofessional team. Describe how work-life quality is improved or enriched by the initiative.
  4. Apply effective communication strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.
    • Identify the kind of interprofessional communication strategies that will be effective to promote and ensure the success of this performance improvement plan or quality improvement initiative.
    • In addition to writing, identify communication models (like CUS, SBAR) that you would include in your initiative proposal.
  5. Communicate evaluation and analysis in a professional and effective manner, writing content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
  6. Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

Submission Requirements

  • Length of submission: 8–10 double-spaced, typed pages, not including title and reference page.
  • Number of references: Cite a minimum of five sources (no older than seven years, unless seminal work) of scholarly, peer-reviewed, or professional evidence that support your evaluation, recommendations, and plans.

 

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:

As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.

Reflect on QI initiatives focused on measuring and improving patient outcomes with which you are familiar.

  • How important is the role of nurses in QI initiatives?
  • What quality improvement initiatives have made the biggest difference? Why?
  • When a QI initiative does not succeed as planned, what steps are taken to improve or revise the effort?

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

Introduction

The increasing concern about patient safety and reducing adverse events in healthcare have led to more focus being directed towards initiatives that improve quality. In the past, QI initiatives have failed to get support from all healthcare professionals and as a result, have faltered to create permanent change. Many healthcare professionals report resistance when QI initiatives are introduced. To reduce resistance and ensure success, QI initiatives must engage all healthcare providers in all the developmental stages (White, Butterworth & Wells, 2017). Medical errors are at the center of factors that affect quality of care and threaten patient safety. However, with the increasing prominence of electronic health records, many healthcare facilities are using new tools to reduce risks of errors. The proposal will provide a quality improvement initiative to reduce preventable medical errors and infection rates in the ICU department at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS). Data will be obtained from the facility’s clinical dashboard metrics.

About the facility

VCUHS is a Level one trauma center located in Richmond, Virginia. The facility provides care to a population of over 1.2 million individuals since it is the only level one trauma center in the Central Virginia region. With a vision of improving quality, safety and effectiveness of care, the facility has invested in technological systems and tools that facilitate the transformation of clinical practice (VCUHealth, 2019). The Critical Care Hospital at VCU Medical Center is equipped with the latest technology including advanced monitoring devices and mechanical ventilators. Some of the intensive care units at the Critical Care Hospital include; the neuroscience ICU, cardiac surgery ICU, coronary ICU, surgery trauma ICU and the Medical respiratory ICU (VCUHealth, 2019). However, between the years of 2006 and 2008, there were nearly one million patient safety lapses among Medicare patients. As a result, over 100,000 deaths were recorded and excess costs amounting to 8.9 billion USD were incurred. With these numbers in the mind, the facility’s management announced a new safety vision to help the facility become the safest one in America. To achieve its mission, QI initiatives must be implemented to reduce preventable medical errors that result in death.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

Analysis of Dashboard Metrics to Identify Quality Issue

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are infections that are acquired by patients who are receiving treatment in hospitals or healthcare facilities. Additionally, HCAIs appear within 48 hours of hospitalization or within 30 days after receiving care (Haque, Sartelli, McKimm & Bakar, 2018). According to statistics from the U.S Center for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1.7 million patients annually acquire HCAIs during treatment and 98,000 of these patients die due to the infections. To reduce the death rate associated with HCAIs, simple infection-control procedures liked hand cleaning with an alcohol-based hand rub have been proven to be effective. Additionally, routine educational interventions for all staff members will help improve hand hygiene practices in healthcare facilities and prevent the spread of infections (Haque et al., 2018). Patients in the ICU are more prone to contracting HCAIs due to reduced host defense mechanisms, non-conformance with infection prevention and control measures, heavy workload on staff and lack of training resulting in cross-contamination and cross-transmission of germs from one patient to the next (Damani, 2015).

According to recent rankings by the Leapfrog Group, a non-profit hospital watchdog institution, Virginia received the second-highest rate of hospital with A ratings for patient safety. However, last on the list with the lowest patient safety rating was VCU Health System which received grade C (Balch, 2019). The ratings by Leapfrog Group are based on public data on the hospitals’ rates of infections, deaths from surgery, patient falls, injuries and other preventable injuries. The C rate that VCU received places the facility at 88 percent greater risk of patients’ death (Balch, 2019).

Table 1: Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade for VCU Health System

Infection MRSA Clostridium

difficile

Blood infections Urinary tract infections Surgical site infection after colon surgery
VCU Score 0.931 1.354 0.902 0.569 0.809
Best hospital’s score 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Average hospital’s score 0.881 0.751 0.765 0.831 0.860
Worst hospital’s score 3.352 1.940 2.943 3.010 3.067

 

The table above containing scores of VCU’s infection rate was compiled by Leapfrog Hospital safety grade and contributed to its eventual grade of C. The number represents a comparison of the number of infections expected for VCU, given the number of patients they care for on a daily basis and how widespread every infection is in the local community. A number lower than one means that the facility had fewer infections than expected; a number higher than one means that the facility had more infections than expected (Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade, 2019). Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade obtained data from hospital survey and CMC. The data that was used to come up with the overall C grade was divided into five categories; infections, problems with surgery, practices to prevent errors, safety problems, doctors, nurses and hospital staff. Overall, VCUHS is facing high HCAIs compared to other medical facilities in the country and compared to acceptable standards.

The center for Adult Critical Care at VCUHS offers 24/7 intensive care services to the critically ill and injured. With over 30 board-certified and fellowship-trained critical care specialists, the Critical Care Hospital serves a majority of residents in Virginia. According to VCUHS 2013 annual report that obtained data from the facility’s clinical dashboard, there was an 86% reduction in healthcare-associated infections in the ICU since 2003 (VCU Medical Center, 2018). However, the rate of HCAIs is still high and the facility is in argent need of a QI initiative to reduce this quality issue.

Table 2: Infections in the ICU

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Infections

Per 1,000

Patient days

22.5 17.5 12.5 10.0 7.2 6.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.2

 

Table 2 above highlights the rate of infections in the ICU between 2003 and 2013. According to the table, the facility had an infection rate of 22.5 per 1000 patient days in the year 2003. Over the following years, the number drastically reduced and by 2013, the number reached 2.2 infections per 1000 patient days.

There are four main categories of healthcare associate infection s identified in the data. They include; catheter-associate urinary tract infections (CAUTI), surgical site infections (SSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI).

 

Table 3: Rate of Healthcare Associated Infections in the ICU

Table 3 above highlights the rate of healthcare associated infections at VCUs ICU hospital. At 39% CAUTIs are most common HAIs in the facility. This is followed by SSI at 26%, VAP at 18% and CLABSI at 17%.

Table 4: Graph of infection rates per 1000 patient days

The graph above provides a visual presentation of the rate of infections per 1000 patient days. In 2003, VCU had the highest rate of infections in its ICU. However, between 2009 and 2013, the numbers stagnated. This is partly attributed to improved hand hygiene practices among healthcare providers in the facility.

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

In line with its mission of being the safest healthcare facility in America, the number of preventable errors must be significantly reduced. In addition to saving lives and improving quality of care for patients, an effective quality improvement initiative will save the facility billions of dollars in damage control after an infection has occurred. The quality improvement initiative for VCU will be based on the rate of Healthcare-associated infections and will use data from the facility’s dashboard regarding the healthcare issue. The QI outline will also identify knowledge gaps, missing information and areas of uncertainty and provide effective solutions to reduce HAIs at VCU.

Outline for the Quality Improvement Initiative

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are increasingly becoming a major patient safety problem in healthcare facilities. With over 1.7 million HAIs and approximately 99,000 healthcare-associated deaths in hospitals, HAIs are a major concern for all stakeholders involved (Mauger et al., 2014). However, considerable progress has been made in identifying preventive strategies and interventions to reduce HAIs. Some of the most preferred strategies include; the use of audits, feedback and provider reminder systems that are in line with the base strategies of organizational change and provider education (Mauger et al., 2014). Considering morbidity and mortality rates, cost implications and the length of stay in the hospital, efforts should be directed towards developing HAI prevention strategies.

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

There are several general measures that can be implemented to control infection rates in the ICU. One of the measures is isolation. The need for isolation should be assessed by screening all ICU patients for immunological disorders, diarrhea, skin rashes, communicable diseases or presence of symptoms of an epidemic bacterium (Mehta et al., 2014). After the need for isolation is assessed, the type of isolation needed should be selected. Isolation can either be protective isolation for immunocompromised patients or source isolation for infected patients to control infection transmission to other patients and staff members. Healthcare professionals should also identify patients who are at a higher risk of nosocomial infections. In addition to isolation, healthcare professionals should always observe hand hygiene. Hands are the primary vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms and observing hand hygiene is the most effective way of preventing horizontal transmission of infections within the ICU (Mehta et al., 2014). In line with this realization, VCU should strictly adhere to WHO’s five moments for hand hygiene.

Figure 1: World Health Organization’s Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

 

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

In addition to strictly following the WHO five moments for hand hygiene, healthcare providers should wash their hands with soap and running water after they are visibly soiled with blood or other body fluids. They should also use an alcohol-based hand rub containing 0.5% chlorhexidine and 70% w/v ethanol when their hands are not visibly dirty (Mehta et al. 2014). Regardless of the patient’s status, healthcare professionals should always adhere to standard precautions every time they are in contact with patients in the ICU. Some of the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to consider includes sterile gloves, gowns, masks, eye protection equipment, face shields, shoe and head coverings and patient-care equipment. Transmission-based precautions should also be adhered to in addition to standard precautions.

Strategies to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

  • Intubation should be avoided whenever necessary
  • Use noninvasive ventilation
  • Use oral intubations to nasal intubations
  • Patient’s head should be elevated at a 30-45-degree angle in a semi-recumbent body position
  • Chlorhexidine solution of 0.12% strength should be given orally everyday
  • Use endotracheal tubes with subglottic suction port
  • Periodic discharge of any condensate in the mechanical ventilator tubing should be regularly checked (Mehta et al. 2014)

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

Strategies to reduce Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI)

  • Catheter insertion should be done in the upper extremity
  • Before inserting the catheter, skin should be cleaned with more than 0.5% chlorhexidine preparation
  • Ultrasound-guided insertion should be used
  • Catheter insertion site should be monitored on a daily basis to check if a transparent dressing is present
  • Needless intravascular catheter access systems should be used
  • Injection ports should be cleaned with appropriate antiseptics (Mehta et al. 2014)

Strategies to reduce urinary tract infection (UTI)

  • Catheters should only be inserted for appropriate indications
  • Urinary catheter should be aseptically inserted
  • A closed drainage system should be maintained
  • Maintain unobstructed urine flow
  • Catheters that are no longer needed should be removed (Mehta et al. 2014)

Lastly, environmental factors like cleaning and disinfection should be maintained at all times. Patient-care areas should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Some pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can survive in the environment for longer periods of time. Therefore, EPA-registered disinfectants that are best suited to meet all the needs of the ICU should be used for cleaning and disinfection. The architecture and layout of the ICU should also be considered. The ICU should be situated close to the operating room and emergency department to allow for easy access at all times. Additionally, all air in the ICU should be filtered to approximately 99% efficiency (Mehta et al. 2014). The isolation facility should always have both negative and positive pressure ventilations. Space between beds should be kept and a minimum of 2.5 meters.

All the proposed quality improvement measures to reduce HAIs will not be successful unless the organization’s management offers its support. Therefore, the QI implementation team should work closely with the hospital’s management and lobby for a better patient to nurse ratio in the ICU. Likewise, policies for controlling traffic flow in the ICU should be implemented to reduce possible sources of contamination from staff members, equipment and visitors (Mehta et al 2014). Education and training should be offered to all ICU staff to help improve their knowledge on nosocomial infections. Antibiotic stewardship and vaccination of ICU healthcare personnel should be adhered to.

The aforementioned quality improvement strategies will only be effective if an interprofessional approach is taken. Therefore, the next stage of the proposal will integrate interprofessional perspectives to lead quality improvement in patients.

Interprofessional Perspectives to Support Quality Improvement

Patients have complex health needs and often require several disciplines to address their health issues. According to recommendations by the Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, all healthcare professionals should work in interprofessional teams to best address the complex needs of patients (Bridges et al. 2014). By working in teams, healthcare professionals are able to share expertise and unique perspectives to form a common goal of restoring health and improving patient outcomes. The success of interprofessional teams is based on several assumptions including; interprofessional team members see their roles as important to the team, all healthcare professionals’ value patient safety and work towards observing quality standards, there is open communication among team members, there is existence of autonomy and equality in resource sharing (Bridges et al. 2014).

Based on the assumption that interprofessional team members see their roles as important, the organization’s leadership should be at the forefront in infection control and prevention. Leadership plays an important role in the implementation of guideline recommendations and organizing for training and education activities (Hegarty et al. 2018). By demonstrating tangible support to teams, ensuring that resources are available to facilitate change and hiring healthcare practitioners, leadership facilitates quality improvement in the organization. In their role as facilitators, organization’s leaders guide the implementation of standards, strategic approaches and the principles of bottom-up working. In line with this, VCU leadership has a crucial role to play to reduce the rate of healthcare-associated infections in the facility. By contributing to infection prevention actions and by implementing guidelines, the hospital’s leadership facilitates the QI process. Leadership should also listen to workforce concerns, motivate and engage healthcare workers, acknowledge when staff members are stressed and overstretched, overcome challenges that HAIs prevention strategies face and promote collaboration across all disciplines (Hegarty et al., 2018).

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

Effective Communication Strategies to Promote Quality Improvement

Effective communication is crucial to the success of all quality improvement initiatives. In line with this assumption, VCU should design a communication strategy that engages every staff member in the ICU, promotes awareness and understanding of all the QI interventions proposed to reduce the rate of HCAIs in the ICU hospital (Cooper et al., 2015). Overall, systematic and structured communication strategies enhance quality improvement initiatives.

In line with the assumption that all healthcare providers value patient safety and strive to observe quality standards, healthcare workers as members of interprofessional teams have a crucial role to play in the reduction of HCAIs (Shah & Holmes, 2015). Understanding healthcare worker’s behavior is critical to develop effective behavior change interventions. Studies show that HCAIs are mainly caused by healthcare workers who are not compliant with IPC practices. This behavior is often attributed to a lack of effective communication, environmental circumstances, duties and social circumstances. To reduce non-compliance rates among ICU staff members, VNU should analyze the hierarchy of influence in traditional clinical roles that challenge work relationships. Additionally, the facility should prioritize risk appraisals to remove any and all divergence in values attached to its policies and practices (Shah & Holmes, 2015). Lastly, the facility should remove ambiguities surrounding healthcare workers’ duties and responsibilities.

Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal

Conclusion

For healthcare organizations like VCU Medical Center, maintaining quality is of the upmost importance. Thus, when there are quality-related issues like increased rates of HCAIs in the ICU department, the facility should immediately implement a quality improvement initiative that will address the safety issue and improve overall performance of the facility. Effective quality improvement initiatives should have interprofessional perspectives imbedded in them and effective communication strategies that ensure that communicate the QI goals and objectives to all the stakeholders involved. While QI initiatives are designed to control quality-related issues, they have little chance of success if the organization’s management does not support them.

 

 

References

Balch, B. (2019). Hospital Safety Report: Virginia Ranks Second Best in Nation: VCU, Southside Regional Lag with C Grade. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.richmond.com/hospital-safety-report-virginia-ranks-second-best-in-nation-vcu/article.amp.html

Bridges, D.R., Davidson, R.A., Odegard, P.S., Maki, I.V & Tomkowiak, J. (2014). Interprofessional Collaboration: Three Best Practice Models of Interprofessional Education. Medical Education Online, 16. Doi: 10.3402/meo.v16i0.6035

Cooper, A., Gray, J., Willson, A. et al (2015). Exploring the Role of Communications in Quality Improvement: A Case Study of the 1000 Lives Campaign in NHS Wales. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 8(1), 76-84. Doi: 10.1179/1753807615Y.000000000000006

Damani, N. (2015). Healthcare-associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: Epidemiology and Infection Control in Low-to-middle Income Countries. J Infect Dev Ctries, 9(10), 1040-1045. Doi: 10.3855/jidc.6832

Haque, M., Sartelli, M., McKimm, J. & Bakar, M. (2018). Health Care-Associated Infections- an Overview. Infection and Drug Resistance, 11, 2321-2333. Doi: 10.2147/IDR.S177247

Hegarty, J., Murphy, S. et al. (2018). Leadership Perspectives on the Implementation of Guidelines on Healthcare-associated Infections. BMJ Leader, 3(2). Doi: 10.1136/leader-2018-000111

Mauger, B., Marbella, A., Pines, E., Chopra, R., Black, E.R & Aronson, N. (2014). Implementing Quality Improvement Strategies to Reduce Healthcare-associated Infections: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Infection Control, 42, S274-S283. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.031

Mehta, Y., Gupta, A., Todi, S., Myatra, S.N. et al. (2014). Guidelines for Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine: Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 18(3), 149-163. Doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.128705

Shah, N. & Holmes, A.H. (2015). Towards Changing Healthcare Workers’ Behavior: a Qualitative Study Exploring non-Compliance through Appraisals of Infection Prevention and Control Practices. Journal of Hospital infection, 90(2), 126-134. Doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.01.023

VCUHealth. (2019). Our Story. Retrieved from https://www.vcuhealth.org/our-story/our-story

VCU Medical Center. (2018). 2013 Annual Report. Retrieved from https://annualreports.vcu.edu/archive/medical/2013/stories/safetyfirst.html

White, M., Butterworth, T. & Wells, J.S. (2017). Healthcare Quality Improvement and Work Engagement: Concluding Results from a National, Longitudinal, Cross-sectional Study of Productive Ward-Releasing Time to Care Programme, BMC Health Services Research, 17, 510. Doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2446-2

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Short answers essay questions – filters

Short answers essay questions –  filters

Important: 100-150 words for every question even those within a question (for example if two questions within the same # question = 300 words)

Please refer to the video to answer the questions… link enclosed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCsp31lSQ2A

 

1- Which of the five filter’s do you find to be the most important to you considering your own experience following news about politics, society, or culture? Support your answer with examples from your own experience.

2- The video discusses Chomsky’s and Herman’s five filter theory.  What are theories 4 and 5? What does the speaker say about them in relation to the video title “How not to spot fake news”?

FYI: No title page/heading need it.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

 

Question one

Among the five filters, the filter that I find the most important and relevant to my own experience when I am watching news in the fear of the other or anti-communism. Every day, news is filled with stories about terrorism, drug-related crime and war. From op-eds to long form stories, I am constantly warned about coming epidemics, plagues and crises in the health, energy and agriculture industries. After watching such news, I end up feeling like the world is getting worse. Gone are the days when I would turn on the news to be informed straightforwardly on important issues in my community and in other parts of the world. Currently, watching news is a psychologically risky pursuit that undermines my mental health. I feel like Fear-based news is slowly replacing fair and balanced news.

Short answers essay questions – filters

Question two

Theories four and five of the five filter theory talk about flak and fear of the other or anti-communism. Flak is seen when a news feature tries to challenge power and its margins. When journalists speak the truth about powerful people, they get flak. Additionally, when the stories run by journalists or whistleblowers attack powerful people and try to expose them, the flak machine is activated and the stories and sources are discredited. The stories are trashed to divert the conversation away from the issue being highlighted. According to the video, the more flak a story gets, the higher the probability that it is real. People in power will not spend time and resources discrediting fake stories. The main agenda behind creating flak is to dilute the story by discrediting the information contained in it. The video concludes by warning consumers to avoid buying into the flak.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

On the other hand, fear of the other creates a target or an enemy. A common enemy or the bogeyman should be feared. This filter acts as a mobilizing factor against an enemy such as terrorism and war. According to the video, media has the power to create a common enemy and when the public is afraid they are more likely to respect authority. Both legitimate and fake news rely on fear to keep people glued to their TV and thus help these media stations generate revenue. The video further warns the population to be skeptical of news that makes them fearful and leaves them uniformed. Despite the fact that a news article illicit feelings of fear, it does not necessarily imply that it is fake. It could probably be exaggerated or told in the heat of the moment.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

The Inclusion of Nurses in the SDLC

The Inclusion of Nurses in the SDLC

Brief introduction with a purpose statement

v  A description of what you believe to be the consequences of a healthcare organization not involving nurses in each stage of the SDLC when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system.

v  Provide specific examples of potential issues at each stage of the SDLC and explain how the inclusion of nurses may help address these issues.

v  Then, explain whether you had any input in the selection and planning of new health information technology systems in your nursing practice or healthcare organization and explain potential impacts of being included or not in the decision-making process.

v  Be specific and provide examples.

 

Summary

Reference List

 

Please Note

  •       This is a discussion
  •       No tittle pages.
  •       No running heads.
  •       This is a Masters level class
  •       APA Format with intext citation
  •       Required to use AT LEAST TWO references from the reading resources. Total of three.
  •       Outside resources should be peer review Articles

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

The Inclusion of Nurses in the Systems Development Life Cycle

Nurses are important members of the hospital staff and failing to involve them in the entire process of Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) will result in ineffectiveness in its application. According to Qin et al (2017), nurses are best positioned to understand what is required in order to address any underlying issue. Therefore, failure to involve the nurse will mean missing out on important information, which in turn will make any system ineffective or less effective in achieving the goal for which it was supposed to achieve. This discussion explains the importance of including nurses in the systems development life cycle.

Research Paper Help

Nurses should be involved in all stages of systems development life cycle analysis, design, development and testing. In a project such as introduction of Barcodes, nurses best understand units where there is noncompliance as they are the ones that usually interacting with the system (Saleem, Steel, Gercek, & Chandra, 2017). Therefore, they can help in ensuring that the testing for the new system is done and any systems strength and weaknesses noted so that system problems can be addressed. During the implementation phase, nurses are best positioned to provide crucial feedback on areas of strength and weaknesses of a system. Their involvement in the evaluation phase is also vital (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Using the barcode system example, nurses can best offer information on whether issues noted in the system were unit specific or whether they were involving the entire system.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

At my work place, I was included in a team that was supposed to select of a new health information system that would collect, store, manage and transmit a patient’s electronic medical record (EMR) efficiently. My involvement in the process as well as the involvement of other nurses was important. This is because we were interacting with the old system daily and we knew the weaknesses especially regarding to its functionability and how it led to time wastage due to constant breakdown. According to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (n.d), in order to successfully implement health information technology (health IT) in an organization, it is important to recognize the impact it has on both the clinical and administrative workflow. Therefore, we were able to insist on the specific feature that the new system should have in order to best serve the hospital.

 

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.b). Workflow assessment for health IT toolkit. Retrieved from https://healthit.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/evaluation-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Qin, Y., Zhou, R., Wu, Q., Huang, X., Chen, X., Wang, W., … Yu, P. (2017). The effect of nursing participation in the design of a critical care information system: a case study in a Chinese hospital. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0569-3

Saleem, N., Steel, D., Gercek, G., & Chandra, A. (2017). Significance of User Participation in a Hospital Information System Success. The Health Care Manager, 36(2), 199-205. doi:10.1097/hcm.0000000000000156

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Opportunities for RNs and APRNs in Policy Review

Opportunities for RNs and APRNs in Policy Review

In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?

Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?

In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

To Prepare:

  • In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.
  • Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health

There are a number of opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review. One of the opportunities existing for RNs and APRNs is participating in policy reviews in the professional bodies (Cziraki, Read, Spence & Wong, 2018). In this, the nurses join the many organizations for nurses in all categories such as the American Nurses Organization. The bodies largely influence the implementation of the policies. The second role relates to the influencing the healthcare delivery programs (Crowne, Young, Goldman, Patterson, Krouse & Proenca, 2017). The nurses contribute towards the promotion of quality health for the populace. The RNs and APRNs in their capacity enhance the promotion of the policies to facilitate their effectiveness.

Nursing Paper Help

The professional bodies may experience the challenge of complexity when it comes to the process of member registration (Nyborg, Danbolt & Kirkevold, 2017). Thus, many qualified nurses are unable to join professional organizations. However, dealing with the problem requires putting in place a simple elaborate process. This is achievable through having a dynamic leadership to oversee such requirements. Consequently, it is challenging for the nurses who have no updates on the policies to participate in their review. This hinders them not only to ensure appropriate care delivery but also prevents them from undertaking policy review opportunities. Thus, the nurses require adequate information on the policy changes to ensure that the implementation phase becomes seamless. Poor leadership and skills are also problems that require active inquiries to rectify any loopholes that might hinder effective service delivery.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

The effective strategies for facilitating the communication of the opportunities include training and quality leadership (Al-Hussami, Hamad, Darawad & Maharmeh, 2017). Through training, the nurses grasp a better understanding of their work environment, as well as their role in implementing the relevant policies to ensure quality healthcare. Equally, leadership is responsible for ensuring that the nurses have the democratic mandate of reviewing and speaking their views on a given policy. The leaders should also provide a platform for the nurses to do the policy reviews.

 

 

References

Al-Hussami, M., Hamad, S., Darawad, M., & Maharmeh, M. (2017). The effects of leadership competencies and quality of work on the perceived readiness for organizational change among nurse managers. Leadership in Health Services, 30(4), 443-456. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952381094?accountid=45049

Crowne, K. A., Young, T. M., Goldman, B., Patterson, B., Krouse, A. M., & Proenca, J. (2017). Leading nurses: Emotional intelligence and leadership development effectiveness. Leadership in Health Services, 30(3), 217-232. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1917620411?accountid=45049

Cziraki, K., Read, E., Spence, L. H. K., & Wong, C. (2018). Nurses’ leadership self-efficacy, motivation, and career aspirations. Leadership in Health Services, 31(1), 47-61. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1995263355?accountid=45049

Nyborg, I., Danbolt, L. J., & Kirkevold, M. (2017). Few opportunities to influence decisions regarding the care and treatment of an older hospitalized family member: A qualitative study among family members. BMC Health Services Research, 17 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2563-y

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Evidence Based Practice in Primary Care

Evidence Based Practice in Primary Care

Include an exemplar of a scholarly paper (3 to 5 pages in APA format) on the relevance of evidence based practice in primary care

 

56 y/o Caucasian male presents to the primary care clinic with complains of dizziness and nausea x 4 days. The patient reports he has not been able to get out of bed since the symptoms started. The patient reports symptoms are worse when he tries to get out of bed to stand. He denies any headaches or blurry vision. He states he is urinating more over the last few days and he has noticed increase in thirst. He reports he just drank a large sweet tea before he came into the clinic.

The patient reports that he is out of his Lantus and metformin because he cannot afford the refill until he gets his disability check. He is disabled after his second CVA that left his with generalized weakness. His medical history includes DM, HTN, CAD.

 

Upon arrival at the clinic, the patient’s vital signs are as follows- Blood sugar 405, B/P 190/101, HR 102, R-20, T- 98.5.

 

Using Evidence Based practice, answer the following questions thoroughly. Be sure to use APA formatting.

 

What is the pertinent positive and negative findings in this patient assessment? Create a list of differentials with rationales for this patient? Discuss a medication regimen for this patient considering his financial status? What is the priority concern for this patient? How does this patient’s comorbid diagnosis impact his current symptoms? Discuss how the patient’s’ health beliefs, culture and behaviors impact the potential outcomes for the patient.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Evidence Based Practice in Primary Care

Pertinent Positive and Negative Findings in Patient Assessment

Results from the patient assessment indicate that there are both pertinent positive and negative findings. Pertinent positives, in this case, include complaints of dizziness and nausea, which he has been experiencing for four days. Further, from the patient’s reports, his symptoms are worsened by standing, and as such, he is not able to get out of bed. Other complaints aired by the patient include increased urination and thirst during the preceding days. Apart from the reports provided, tests conducted upon arrival in the health facility and his medical history indicate that he has signs of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease.

Another important positive finding that may aid in explaining the recent deterioration in the patient’s health is the report on his inability to refill his medication as required to manage his chronic condition. Besides the pertinent positives, some of the negatives declined include headache and blurry vision. Examination of the patient’s vital signs also yielded important positives that shed light on the patient’s condition, including a high blood glucose level, increased blood pressure, particularly a very elevated systolic blood pressure and widened pulse pressure, and an elevated heart rate.

Differential Diagnoses for the Chronic Condition

Meniere’s disease and peripheral causes of vertigo; one of the reasonable differential diagnoses to explain the acute onset of dizziness and nausea in the patient, are the peripheral causes of vertigo since they also show an acute onset. Among the different causes of peripheral vertigo, Meniere’s disease can be identified as the most plausible differential diagnosis that should be considered in this case. According to (Kerner & Brückel (2014), the condition mostly affects individuals who are more than 50 years old and presents with a triad of intermittent vertigo, ringing in the ears and progressive deafness. Other likely differentials include inflammation of the inner ear, including labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis, both of which will produce persistent vertigo of acute onset, though only the former is associated with concurrent hearing loss (Muncie, Sirmans & James, 2017). These conditions are more likely to have arisen in the patient complained of a recent viral illness (Kerner & Brückel, 2014). However, none of these symptoms explain the increase in thirst and urine output.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

Vertebrobasilar ischemia (Cerebrovascular disease); from the patient’s reports, major complaints include dizziness and nausea, which increase when he stands. According to Muncie, Sirmans, and James (2017), such symptoms are consistent with vertigo, a condition that occurs once the vestibular system is affected. In this case, various diseases may affect the vestibular system’s peripheral or central parts and hence lead to vertigo (Reusch & Manson, 2018). For the patient under examination, the rapid development of signs and symptoms seem to suggest a condition that is originating from vascular. A cerebrovascular disease affecting the vertebrobasilar part of the circulation, which supplies the posterior aspects of the brain, may present with acute vertigo, thereby explaining the symptoms in this patient (Muncie, Sirmans & James, 2017).

Intracranial tumor; is another condition that can be related to the symptoms of dizziness and nausea that the patient is experiencing. The existence of a tumor would compress the vestibular centers in the brain or the nerves connecting it to the peripheral part in the inner ear, hence resulting in dizziness or nausea, as in the patient’s case. Further, for other symptoms like the frequent need to urinate and to be thirsty may be a result of a tumor compressing the pituitary gland hence preventing the release of antidiuretic hormone (Muncie, Sirmans & James, 2017).

The Patient’s Medication Regimen and Priority Concerns

From the symptoms, patient reports, and family history, the patient is likely to have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The condition was previously known as a non-insulin dependent diabetes that affects sugar metabolism in the body (Kerner & Brückel, 2014). The medication regimen, in this case, would consist of low-dose sulfonylurea and metformin to reduce the high concentration of blood sugar levels. Further, to control sugar levels, other options will involve administering thiazide diuretic like hydrochlorothiazide and calcium channel blockers like nifedipine (Muncie, Sirmans & James, 2017). However, taking into consideration the financial position of the patient, he can also access generic forms of drugs to reduce the potential cost.

Research Paper Help

The major priority concerns for the patient in question is controlling blood sugar levels as well as reducing high blood pressure. In this case, other conditions like a causative stroke would not be considered due to delayed presentation. But, by maintaining low levels of sugar and pressure levels, the risk factors for the development of subsequently severe stroke is equally reduced (Kerner & Brückel, 2014).

The Relationship between Comorbid Diagnosis with Current Symptoms.

The patient’s diagnosis is based on the fact that his comorbid diagnoses are major risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. The first aspect to consider is his medical history, which indicates that he has a history of hypertension; further, from the medical evaluation and patient reports, the high blood pressure is an indication of poorly managed hypertension. As Kerner and Brückel (2014) note, one of the major long-term complications of diabetes is the high risk of vascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis, including cerebrovascular conditions and myocardial infarction. Further, the said patient’s age is a serious factor that increases their risk for cardiovascular condition. From the patient’s history, he has previous sessions of stroke, which have left him disabled and with generalized weakness. Further, it is clear the blood sugar management is done poorly since he is unable to get the required medication. The patient reports that he is out of his Lantus and metformin because he cannot afford the refill until he gets his disability check. Clearly, this patient has a very high risk of having another cerebrovascular accident. The patient’s increased thirst and increase in urine output are an indicator of the poorly controlled blood sugars as these are some of the primary symptoms of diabetes (Reusch & Manson, 2018).

Evidence Based Practice in Primary Care

Effects of Patient’s Health Beliefs, Culture, and Behavior on Potential Outcomes

The patient’s health beliefs, culture, and behavior are undeniably crucial determinants of the outcomes of illness and treatment (Reusch & Manson, 2018). Since he suffers from a chronic condition, it is important that patient understands the nature of their illness and the need to remain compliant to medication as instructed by medical professionals as well as the recommended lifestyle changes to improve the outcomes of treatment. Conversely, the patient’s condition is likely to deteriorate further if he is negligent towards the treatment guidelines.

 

References

Kerner, W., & Brückel, J. (2014). Definition, classification, and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 122(07), 384-386.

Muncie, H. L., Sirmans, S. M., & James, E. (2017). Dizziness: Approach to evaluation and

management. American Family Physician, 95(3), 154-162.

Reusch, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2018). Management of type 2 diabetes in 2017. JAMA, 317(10),

1015-1016. Doi:10.1001/jama.2017.0241

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Healthcare Program Evaluation Analysis

Healthcare Program Evaluation Analysis

Program/policy evaluation is a valuable tool that can help strengthen the quality of programs/policies and improve outcomes for the populations they serve. Program/policy evaluation answers basic questions about program/policy effectiveness. It involves collecting and analyzing information about program/policy activities, characteristics, and outcomes. This information can be used to ultimately improve program services or policy initiatives.

Nurses can play a very important role assessing program/policy evaluation for the same reasons that they can be so important to program/policy design. Nurses bring expertise and patient advocacy that can add significant insight and impact. In this Assignment, you will practice applying this expertise and insight by selecting an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflecting on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program/policy.

To Prepare:

  • Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources.
  • Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you and get approval to use it from your Instructor.
  • Review the healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

The Assignment: (2–3 pages)

Based on the program or policy evaluation you selected, complete the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template. Be sure to address the following:

  • Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.
  • How was the success of the program or policy measured?
  • How many people were reached by the program or policy selected?
  • How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?
  • At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?
  • What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?
  • What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?
  • What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.
  • Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?
  • Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?
  • Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis

 

Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation  

Evaluation of the Medicaid Health Home option for beneficiaries with chronic conditions

 

Description Medicaid health homes, authorized by section 1945 of the Social Security Act allow for the coordinated care and integration of services for Medicaid beneficiaries with multiple chronic mental, physical and behavioral health conditions. The heath home model targets high cost high need populations and provides integrated physical, mental and behavioral health care services. Additionally, the program links these patients to nonclinical services and supports them in their homes and communities

 

How was the success of the program or policy measured?

 

 

A five-year evaluation of the program’s implementation and its impacts on utilization and costs was conducted. Success was measured by analyzing improved access to integrated and coordinated primary and behavioral healthcare that reduces unnecessary use of costly facility-based care thus resulting in reduced spending.

 

 

How many people were reached by the program or policy selected? How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?

 

 

The program targets Medicaid beneficiaries from all the states in America. Medicaid serves more than 66 million low-income beneficiaries. Of the 66 million, more than 9 million individuals qualify for Medicaid based on their disabilities. More than half of individuals with disabilities suffer from mental illnesses with 45% of them having multiple chronic conditions (Paradise & Nardone, 2014). Qualifying conditions to be accepted into the program include; serious and persistent mental health conditions, substance use disorder, diabetes, obesity, heart disease or asthma.

There was a significant impact of the policy since a majority of the affected spent less Medicaid money on treatment at medical facilities.

 

 

What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?

 

 

The evaluation relied on a mixed-methods approach focusing on both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected from document reviews, site visits and telephone interviews with key stakeholders in all the states that were evaluated to track progress on how the health home models were implemented. Quantitative evaluation used administrative data to assess improvements on the rate of hospital admissions, skilled nursing facility admissions, emergency department visits and Medicaid spending for health home enrollees.

 

What specific information on unintended consequences were identified?

 

The evaluation was not able to look beyond broad utilization and spending patterns to better comprehend spending patterns and to better understand how the health home model transformed the mix of services delivered to its enrollees. The analysis recommends further quantitative research to be conducted in this area to strengthen the evidence base for policymakers and states with respect to the performance of the program
What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.

 

 

The stakeholders identified in the evaluation include; the urban Institute, the Office of Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation in the U.S Department of Health and Human Services.

The results of the evaluation will benefit States, policymakers, health home enrollees, program designers and healthcare providers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?

 

 

The initial goals of the long-term evaluation of the Medicaid health home model were:

 

  1. To assess models, providers, processes, states that are opting for health homes;
  2. To assess the extent to which health homes increased the coordination across clinical and nonclinical domains of care;
  3. To assess whether health home services improve quality of care and whether it affects utilization and spending outcomes (“ASPE”, 2017).

 

ü  The evaluation did not successfully associate health home enrollment with reductions in facility-based spending. However, the evaluation found significant increases in Medicaid spending. Thus, the evaluation partially achieved goal number three

ü  By assessing eleven states and their adoption of the Medicaid health home model, the evaluation achieved its first and second goal.

 

Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?

 

 

I would not recommend implementing the Medicaid health home model at my place of work. This is due to the fact that there is limited research on the effectiveness of the model and no clear guidelines on how a healthcare facility might benefit from the program. Additionally, the model has several data issues and no standard program design. Thus, there is no significant data available on the best design to use as a facility. Lastly, the healthcare facility that I am affiliated with does not offer care services to patients with chronic mental and behavioral needs therefore, it might not benefit from the findings of the evaluation.

 

 

Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after one year of implementation.

 

 

As a nurse advocate, one can become involved in the evaluation process by giving feedback to the implementation team. When giving feedback, the nurse advocate determines whether system concerns are unit specific or affect the entire system. Nurse advocates should also participate in focused surveys to assist the evaluation team determine severity of the system errors and to identify compliance or non-compliance patterns (Weckman & Janzen, 2010).

 

 

 

 

General Notes/Comments After a program is initiated, it must be occasionally evaluated to ensure that it meets the purpose it was initiated for.

 

 

 

 

References

“Evaluation of the Medicaid Health Home Option for Beneficiaries with Chronic Conditions: Evaluation of Outcomes of Selected Health Home Programs, Annual Report- Year Five 05/11/2017”. (2017). Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. U.S Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https:aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/evaluation-medicaid-health-home-option-beneficiaries-chronic-conditions-evaluation-outcomes-selected-health-home-programs-annual-report-year-five

Paradise, J. & Nardone, M. (2014). Medicaid Health Homes: A Profile of Newer Programs. KFF. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/report-section/medicaid-health-homes-a-profile-of-newer-programs-issues-brief/

Weckman, H. & Janzen, S. (2010). The Critical Nature of Early Nursing Involvement for Introducing New Technologies. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 14(2). Doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol14No02Man02

 

 

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Group Therapy for Addiction

Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Group Therapy for Addiction

When selecting a psychotherapeutic approach for a client, you must consider the unique needs and characteristics of that particular client. The same is true when selecting a psychotherapeutic approach for groups. Not every approach is appropriate for every group, and the group’s unique needs and characteristics must be considered. For this Assignment, you examine psychotherapeutic approaches to group therapy for addiction.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Evaluate psychotherapeutic approaches to group therapy for addiction

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide on group therapy for addiction.
  • View the media, Levy Family: Sessions 1-7, and consider the psychotherapeutic approaches being used.3-7 dialog included.

The Assignment

In a 2 -page paper, address the following:

  • Identify the psychotherapeutic approach that the group facilitator is using, and explain why she might be using this approach.
  • Determine whether or not you would use the same psychotherapeutic approach if you were the counselor facilitating this group, and justify your decision.
  • Identify an alternative approach to group therapy for addiction, and explain why it is an appropriate option.
  • Support your position with evidence-based literature.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Assignment 1: Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Group Therapy for Addiction

Introduction

For fear and substance abuse group therapies, practitioners use a variety of models to meet the clients’ needs. An understanding of the groups’ goals and technique is viewed to be a foundation of the approaches chosen for the sessions (Wheeler, 2014). The paper tries to establish the psychotherapeutic approach used in a group therapy case. In addition, it provides an alternative approach that may be suitable for the case. The scenario involves ex-soldiers who have a traumatized experience of their mission in Iraq.

The Psychotherapeutic Approach Used

From the scenario, the therapist used exposure therapy. This approach typically entails the client trying to confront their fear in a suitable manner. One of its essential aspects is the use of emotional processing to enhance control of the clients’ problems. Usually, the practitioner creates a safe environment that allows the client to decrease their avoidance to a problem or fear. Research reveals that the approach is helpful in treating clients with fear-related problems (Skule et al., 2017).

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

The therapist may have chosen the approach because the clients show fear of an experience in their work as soldiers in Iraq. The incident tends to horrify the clients as they keep on seeing it. To limit recurrence of their fear, they tend to engage in addictive activities such as alcohol intake. The clients also tend to show symptoms for post traumatic stress disorder. The application of systematic desensitization, such as the use of relaxation, is used to help the clients construct better revelations of their past without anxiety (Berardelli et al., 2018).

Viability of the Approach in My Scenario

If I were a therapist in the case, I would have used the same method. This is because I view that the clients tend to be emotional when they recollect their ordeals in Iraq. In that regard, the use of this approach would improve their emotional processing. I view that by using the approach, the clients would have a better position of attaining new beliefs regarding their fear. Therefore, they would be more comfortable in dealing with their problem without engaging in poor health habits such as alcohol drinking. I would also choose the technique because I belief that it will increase the clients’ self-efficacy. This aspect means that the group will realize that they are capable of managing their anxiety (Sundquist et al., 2015).

Alternative Approach for Addiction

The use of psychoeducational approach is alternative for the group. The technique involves the use of structured content that meets the requirements of the group. It often involves use of videotapes or lectures to facilitate a better understanding by the clients. It provides an expansion of awareness regarding behavioral and psychological consequences of addiction. This approach is also aimed at helping clients to get into a recovery-ready stage to facilitate change. (Berardelli et al., 2018).

Research Paper Help

The approach is suitable for the group because the clients are in a contemplative level of change where they have developed a need to get help or seek ways of getting help. It may also help the group to recognize their fear and addiction problems and deepen their knowledge to facilitate a suitable way to recovery. In addition, the approach may help the group to realize alternative resources that may be helpful (Wilson et al., 2018).

Conclusion

The paper tries to show the importance of understanding clients’ needs in the choice of psychotherapeutic approaches. The case scenario reveals that the therapist engages in an exposure approach, which is part of cognitive–behavioral methods. In addition, it reveals that the use of psychoeducational approach may be suitable for the group as it also poses features that can enhance the clients’ recovery.

 

References

Berardelli, I., Bloise, M. C., Bologna, M., Conte, A., Pompili, M., Lamis, D. A., … & Fabbrini,

  1. (2018). Cognitive behavioral group therapy versus psychoeducational intervention in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 399.

Skule, C., Berge, T., Eilertsen, E., Ulleberg, P., Dallavara Lending, H., Egeland, J., & Landrø, N.

  1. (2017). Levels of alcohol use and depression severity as predictors of missed therapy sessions in cognitive behavioural psycho-educational group treatment for depression. Addiction Research & Theory, 25(1), 11-16.

Sundquist, J., Lilja, Å., Palmér, K., Memon, A. A., Wang, X., Johansson, L. M., & Sundquist, K.

(2015). Mindfulness group therapy in primary care patients with depression, anxiety and stress and adjustment disorders: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(2), 128-135.

Wheeler, K. (Ed.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to

            guide for evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Springer.

Wilson, L., Crowe, M., Scott, A., & Lacey, C. (2018). Psychoeducation for bipolar disorder: A

discourse analysis. International journal of mental health nursing, 27(1), 349-357.

 

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Trends and Best Practices in “Best Hospitals”

Trends and Best Practices in “Best Hospitals”

I have attached the peer posts below that need to be responded too.

Alittle Background:

It is important for health care leaders to be aware of industry trends and best practices that might impact their organizations. By strategically implementing these trends and best practices, organizations can improve patient health outcomes and remain competitive within the industry. For this Discussion, you examine the trends and best practices hospitals implement for organizational excellence, information technology, and informatics.

Response 1

Hi Latisa,

I enjoyed reading your post. The use of information technology has revolutionized the healthcare sector. IT has helped the healthcare sector to ensure quality healthcare delivery, increased patient safety, decreased medical errors as well as strengthening the interactions of between healthcare providers as well as between healthcare providers and patients. In addition, IT has enabled the development of system for healthcare record that is reliable and affordable which is paramount for quality healthcare delivery. The use of information technology in the healthcare sector has improved the quality of healthcare that is delivered by providing accurate patient records and allows doctors to better understand the patient’s medical history. Having a comprehensive patient history empowers doctors to more accurately treat ailments (Campione, Mardon & McDonald, 2018). Without the use of technology that keeps medical records, physicians would depend on the patient’s memory, which can lead to inaccurate medical history.

Reference

Campione, J., Mardon, R., & McDonald, K. (2018). Patient Safety Culture, Health Information Technology Implementation, and Medical Office Problems That Could Lead to Diagnostic Error. Journal of Patient Safety, 1. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000531

 

Response 2

Hi Tyler,

I agree with you that Mayo Clinic has been able to incorporated operational excellence in its culture. By doing so, the hospital is able to identify problems in its systems and processes, and encourage and empower its staff to develop and implement solutions that address the root causes of the problems. This kind of system helps in ensuring continuous improvement within the hospital. In addition, technology’s role in the hospital has expanded exponentially due to technological advancements. The hospitals are now able to store, share and analyze health information by the use of technology. The use of technology increases provider capabilities and patient access while improving the quality of life the patients (Marcotte et al, 2015). Nowadays, physicians are able to help patients remotely and accurately diagnose a patient’s problems through telemedicine. Thus, technology has greatly to impacted the healthcare industry and the society as a whole.

Reference

Marcotte, L., Kirtane, J., Lynn, J., & McKethan, A. (2015). Integrating Health Information Technology to Achieve Seamless Care Transitions. Journal of Patient Safety11(4), 185-190. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000077

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Week 8 Discussion: Trends and Best Practices in “Best Hospitals”

Peer 1

Latisa McConico,

According to the 2019 U.S. News & World Report, the NYU Langone Hospital in New York, NY is ranked No. 9 on the Best Hospital Honor Roll. The facility ranks #14 in adult specialties and rated high performing in 1 adult specialty and 9 procedures and conditions. The NYU Langone Hospital is a general medical and surgical facility. NYU Langone Medical Center’s main facility in Manhattan is Tisch Hospital. Tisch hospital, formerly named University Hospital , was established in 1963 at its current site (U.S. News, 2019).

The hospital was founded in 1882 as New York Postgraduate Hospital and merged with New York University Medical Center in 1948 (U.S. News, 2019). NYU Langone Health has received the global Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Enterprise Nicholas E. Davies Award of Excellence for healthcare technology innovations that improve patient outcomes. NYU views technology as a critical element in connecting their patients and providers, and transforming care (NYU Langone, 2017).

Health IT has been foundational to their organizational success as they were the first and only health system in the state of New York to achieve inpatient and outpatient “Stage 7” electronic medical record adoption status recognized by HIMSS Analytics, which represents the highest level of electronic health record implementation and data analytics to improve care, as measured by the Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model. Clinical, IT, and operational leaders from NYU Longone presented case studies demonstrating the institution’s strategic use of health IT to improve patient outcomes. The organization showcased the value-based management (VBM) program, paperless registration, and the Total Joint Replacement Bundled Payment Care Initiative which uses IT systems to help in coordinating a patient’s care before,after, and during elective surgery to replace knee and hip joints (NYU Langone, 2017).

Trends and Best Practices in “Best Hospitals”

References:

NYU Langone Awarded HIMSS Enterprise Davies Award for Excellence in Health Information      Technology. (2017). Retrieved from https://nyulamgone.org/news/nyu-langone-awarded-himss-enterprise-davies-award-excellence-health-information-technology

2019-20 Best Hospitals Honor Roll and Medical Specialties Rankings. (2019). Retrieved from https://health.usnews.com/health-care/best-hospitals/articles/best-hospitals-honor-roll-and-overview

 

Peer 2

Tyler Hill,

The number one hospital from the “best hospital report” is Mayo Clinic based in Rochester, Minnesota.  Mayo clinic owns 19 hospitals  with 57 research centers.  The variety of this health care organization leads this facility to be considered the best hospital report.  In order to be ranked as best hospital, the organization must be excelling in care for the sickest patients and must be skilled for inpatient care (Mayo Clinic, 2019).  Also, death rates provide a ranking and gives insights to potential patients.  Being a best hospital does not mean that it excels in all other services provided.  Some hospitals have higher ranking in other specialties versus other hospitals

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

The Mayo Clinic does well with within their financial report.  In 2018, the total current assets were 2,427 and total current liabilities in 2,281 in millions (Mayo Clinic, 2018).  This constitute as a best hospital as well because there are more assets than liabilities, which allows money to provide services and equipment for the patients without being in debt.  There are certain  trends to become the best practice hospital, which is to implement operational excellence, information technology and health care informatics.  The implementation  of health information technology improves the quality of health care, prevents medical errors and reduce health care cost (Shahi, Sadoughi & Ahmadi, 2015).  This improves the operations of health care because it cuts out a lot of middle man activity and allows patients to connect with physicians online.  Operational excellence is only implemented gradually and starts by addressing staff practices and analyzing leadership behaviors (Bach, 2017).  Healthcare informatics informs the facility of their numbers and what they should improve on. Taking a gradual action to these three practices will assist the hospital with becoming ranked for the best hospital reports.

References

Bach, N. (2017, October 5). Creating An Operational Excellence Strategy For Hospitals. Retrieved October 14, 2019, from https://www.eonsolutions.io/blog/creating-an-operational-excellence-strategy-for-hospitals.

Mayo Clinic (2018, December 31). Consolidated Financial Report. Retrieved from//https://cdn.prod-carehubs.net/n1/802899ec472ea3d8/uploads/2019/02/Mayo-Clinic-Year-End-2018-Consolidated-Short-Form.pdf

Mayo Clinic. (2019). Retrieved October 14, 2019, from https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/mn/mayo-clinic-6610451.

Shahi, M., Sadoughi, F., & Ahmadi, M. (2015).  Information technology governance domains in hospitals: A case study in Iran. Global Journal of  Health Science,7(3), 200-209. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/40490/23460

 

 

 

 

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources and reflect on your thinking regarding the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.
  • Select a healthcare program within your practice and consider the design and implementation of this program.
  • Reflect on advocacy efforts and the role of the nurse in relation to healthcare program design and implementation.

The Assignment: (2–3 pages)

In a 2- to 3-page paper, create an interview transcript of your responses to the following interview questions:

  • Tell us about a healthcare program, within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?
  • Who is your target population?
  • What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program? Can you provide examples?
  • What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program? Do you have input into design decisions? How else do you impact design?
  • What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation? How does this role vary between design and implementation of healthcare programs? Can you provide examples?
  • Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program? Can you explain why?

The format is as follows: This assignment is an interview

  •  Title of Paper
  •   Introduction with a purpose statement
  •   Please begin the purpose statement as…”the purpose of this paper is to…….
  •   Then ask the following interview questions.
  • Headings

Program Design

1.       Tell us about a healthcare program within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?

2.      Who is your target population?

3.       What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program?   Example?

4.       What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program ?  Examples?

5.      What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program?

6.      Do you have input into design decisions?

7.      How else do you impact design?

 

Program Implementation

1.      What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation?

2.      How does this role vary between design and implementation of healthcare programs? Examples?

3.      Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program?

4.      Why you think this?

 

Summary

References

With this assignment please follow the following:

  •       No Running head
  •       This is APA format paper.
  •       There will be a tittle page.
  •       Please include an intext citation with Reference page.

Two to three pages paper with at least two course resources as reference. OUTSIDE SOURCES SHOULD BE PEER REVIEW ARTICLES.

  •       Please use times New Roman 12

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

Introduction

Nurses have the opportunity to make positive impacts on their profession through advocacy. The healthcare system is very unpredictable and faces several challenges including; financial pressures, technological advancements, regulatory agencies that monitor patient safety, among other issues (Tomajan, 2012). These challenges affect resource allocation and the general work environment. On the other hand, the challenges introduce new opportunities for nurses to participate more in the healthcare policy development process, expand professional opportunities and enhance their image in the healthcare sector (Weckman & Janzen, 2014). According to the American Nurses Association (2019), advocacy is a core pillar of nursing practice. By championing the nursing profession, nurses highlight their crucial role of providing high quality and affordable care to patients. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the crucial role of involving nurses in program design and implementation to improve practices.

Program Design

  1. Tell us about a healthcare program within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?

The injury prevention program for healthcare workers strives to improve workers’ musculoskeletal health. By implementing simple policies like zero-lift policies, aerobic and strength training exercises, the program aims to reduce the rate of injuries at the facility. There are no cost implications for the program since it utilizes already existing resources like the facility’s gym.

  1. Who is your target population?

The project targets all healthcare workers at the healthcare facility

  1. What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program? Example?

Nurses have substantial knowledge of hospital systems including their strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, nurses should be included in the decision-making process. Every day, nurses face the risk of acquiring workplace injuries as a result of handling heavy equipments and patients (Wahlin et al. 2018). Thus, nurses should provide input and present effective strategies to reduce workplace injuries. Nurses should also be involved in the planning phase.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER HERE

  1. What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program

Policy strategies are crucial in addressing injury and violence levels (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). As an advocate for all employees in the healthcare facility, my role involves participating actively in activities that influence decision making processes and collaborating with institution leaders to monitor policy progress.

  1. Do you have input into design decisions?

Yes I do. Every healthcare worker in the facility provides necessary information to improve program implementation

  1. How else do you impact design?

I also participate in policy evaluation where the content and structure of the policy is examined. I am part of a pilot unit that is participating in new physical fitness training techniques.

Program Implementation

  1. What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation?

Nurses have a responsibility to promote public health (Kemppainen, Tossavainen & Turunen, 2013). Nurses should work closely with other workers to guarantee effectives of healthcare programs. They achieve this by providing crucial feedback regarding any changes observed both during the trial stage and after the implementation of the intervention.

  1. How does this role vary between design and implementation of healthcare programs? Examples?

During the program design phase, the main goal is to establish practices that have the best possible chance of achieving set program objectives. Program implementation on the other hand, requires faithful and strategic actions and follow-throughs (Powell et al. 2019).

Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

  1. Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program?

Management and all employees of the healthcare facility

  1. Why do you think this?

All staff members play an intricate role in the implementation of the Injury prevention program. This is due to the fact that all healthcare workers are at a high risk of being injured and developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and other work-related injuries (Wahlin et al. 2018). Top managers play a critical role in program implementation by providing all resources and support.

Summary

Although the nursing profession has a role to play in the health policy field, the ever changing healthcare environment implies that clinicians need a better understanding of health policies. Nurses are constantly assuming leadership roles in policy development and implementation. Nurses understand all the aspects of patient care. Therefore, they provide a bridge between healthcare providers and patients. Involving nurses in all stages of policy implementation facilitates smooth transition and improves efficiency.

 

References

American Nurses Association. (2019). Advocacy. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). Step by Step: Evaluating Violence and Injury Prevention Policies: Brief 4 Evaluating Policy Implementation. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/about/evaluation.html

Kemppainen, V., Tossavainen, K. & Turunen, H. (2013). Nurses’ Roles in Health Promotion Practice: an Integrating Review. Health Promotion International, 28(4), 490-501. Doi: 10.1093/heapro/das034

Powell, B.J. et al. (2019). Enhancing the Impact of Implementation Strategies in Healthcare: A Research Agenda. Frontiers in Public Health, 7(3). Doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00003

Tomajan, K. (2012). Advocating for Nurses and Nursing. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 17(1). Doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol17No01Man04

Weckman, H. & Janzen, S. (2014). The Critical Nature of Early Nursing Involvement for Introducing New Technologies. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 14(2). Doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol14No02Man02

Wahlin, C., Kvarnstrom, S., Ohrn, A. & Strid, E.N. (2018). Patient and Healthcare Worker Safety Risks and Injuries. Learning from Incident Reporting. European Journal of Physiotherapy. Doi: 10.1080/21679169.2018.1549594

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now