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Community Health in Nursing

Community Health in Nursing

A quality initial response to the Discussion Question should be roughly 400 words.

Discussion Question:

Answer the following questions honestly (safe space).

  1. How does a person’s difference in age, culture, race, gender and living situation impact your comfort as a nurse in communicating with them?
  2. While growing up, how were OAs treated in your family, culture, community and in society (identify the year range).

Your initial posting should be at least 400 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook.

 

LEARNING MATERIAL

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Community Health in Nursing

Question One

Navigating the unique needs of patients is very unnerving. So much so, that I am in constant fear of offending my patients members of their families. The fear mostly stems from not knowing about the crucial cultural or religious practices of my patients or witnessing aspects of their culture that goes against my personal beliefs and convictions. This fear affects my everyday routines including maintaining eye contact, touch or observing verbal and non-verbal communication with patients. When interacting with patients from different cultures, I am mindful of my mannerisms and I try to be respectful. Communicating with the elderly is extremely challenging and requires special skills. To improve my communication techniques with this group, I took it upon myself to pursue extra training. I also acquired tips to effectively communicate with younger patients. Time is always a consideration when conversing with younger or older patients. To facilitate communication, I have learnt to be patient, explain myself clearly and involve family members in the decision-making process. As a nurse, I struggle with communicating or assessing individuals who identify outside the traditional gender binary of man or woman. When dealing with transgender patients, I have to respect their identity by using correct terminologies in all forms of communication (Walsh and Hendrickson, 2015). As a nurse, I play a critical role in delivering essential health services to my patients and the community in general. Effective communication is at the core of this goal. Therefore, I make a conscious effort to increase communication with patients and their families to lessen medical errors and create positive outcomes for everyone involved.

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Question Two

I remember when growing up, my grandmother at 52 was still working in human resources, at a research company. Her fast-paced career required her to travel, set up meetings and participate in training activities. While a majority of her age mates were settling down and planning their retirement, my grandmother went back to school and completed evening classes in nursing. She refused to slow down and as such, was held in high regard in our family. However, there was a negative cultural attitude towards the elderly and aging while I was growing up. Society would glorify youth while the elderly were often associated with hostility and grumpiness. Growing up, comedies and movies in general painted a negative picture of the elderly. They were never conveyed as being full of life, of being the best employees like my grandmother, or in other myriad of roles that the youth were given. Age stereotypes were often accepted. Signs of natural aging were strongly fought against and were viewed as sources of shame and embarrassment. As such, I saw many people turn to plastic surgery to fight any appearance of aging. In our home, my grandparents’ experience and wisdom was highly respected. They were a source of wisdom and offered to support to all members of our family. When asked, my grandmother often reports that her life is more satisfying now that she is older than when she was younger. However, older adults are still subject to cultural attitudes that devalue them and make them feel invincible.

 

 

References

Walsh, D. and Hendrickson, S.G. (2015). Focusing on the “T” in LGBT: An Online Survey of Related Content in Texas Nursing Programs. J Nurs Educ, 54(6), 347-351.

 

 

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Ethical Issues Faced by the Nursing Staff

 Ethical Issues Faced by the Nursing Staff

The student will watch the documentary Code Gray (1983) or The Waiting Room (2012). These documentaries are available thru the Newman Ethical Issues Library. For this paper the student will consider and explore the issue(s) and the complexities in making a decision that has ethical ramifications using the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University Framework for Ethical Decision Making (2017) at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53fw6jOG7RI. Or https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/a-framework-for-ethical-decision-making/

The following guidelines will help you craft your paper:

Use headings to help guide your reader through the sections of this paper.

Explore the ethical dilemma from either documentary Code Gray (1983) or the waiting room (2012). describe one ethical dilemma. what individuals and groups have an important stake in the outcome? discuss three options that could be used for resolution of the dilemma. evaluate three options by asking the following questions;

Which options will produce the most good and do the least harm? (The Utilitarian approach)

Which option best respect the right of all who have a stake (The rights approach ) which option treat people equally proportionately (The Justice approach )

Which option best serve the community as whole, not just some member (The common good approach)

Which option leads me to act as the sort of person I want to be ( the virtue approach )

o    Considering all these approaches, which option best addresses the situation

List three or more ethical principles that are applicable in making a decision regarding the ethical dilemma. Autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence are examples of ethical principles that may be considered in the decision. The Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University Framework for Ethical Decision Making (2017), American Nurses Association (ANA) website and your textbook have resources that can help guide in identifying ethical standards.

In summary, discuss the impact of this ethical issue on the nursing profession

the waiting room link on youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzIin6OVoLU

will require an abstract.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Abstract

Code Gray (1983) highlights the ethical dilemmas that Registered nurses as well as the licensed practical nursing staff in a rural nursing home. The ethical issues that they face involve the ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy, justice, and fidelity. This paper addresses the case of Olive, an 88-year old woman who is unsteady on her feet and consequently prone to accidents that may harm her and others. The nurses are faced with the dilemma of restraining her against her wish although this would make her safe. Several options could be employed for the solution but they present challenges in deferent dimensions. The option that best addresses the situation is to inform the patient about the restraint and convince her that it is beneficial for her so that she can accept it. This case analysis is important for the nursing practice as it highlights a conflict between the duties of beneficence and respect for autonomy, which nurses experience frequently.

Ethical Issues Faced by the Nursing Staff

 

Ethical issues in Code Gray (1983)

Ethical Dilemma

Code Gray (1983) is a 26-minute documentary that presents nurses in different settings and how they confront ethical dilemmas that have an impact on the patients under their care. There are four sequences that aim at illustrating the ethical issues that arise and face the bedside nursing and they involve the ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy, justice, and fidelity. One ethical dilemma is in the second case that faces the Registered nurses as well as the licensed practical nursing staff in a rural nursing home. They are faced with the ethical option of deciding whether to apply mechanical and chemical restraints although it is against the wish of the residents (Bollig et al. 2015). The aim of the restraint is to help the residents be safe so that they do not injure themselves or interfere with the normal day to day lives of the other occupants in the facility.

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The specific case is of Olive who is 88 years of age and is not only unsteady on her feet but is also very forgetful. The nurses are worried that she may injure herself because she has fallen in the past. She has been requested to seek help with movement but has not done so. The nurses, therefore, suggest that she wears a belt tied around her waist and her chair in order to remind her not to get up without someone to walk with her. In addition, it will serve to prevent her from getting up unaided. She however objects and is unwilling to relinquish her freedom. This brings about a dilemma because older people should be allowed to live in accordance to their own free will (Tuominen, Leino-Kilpi, and Suhonen, 2016).  The ethical dilemma, in this case, revolves around autonomy. This is a concept in bioethics that illustrates that an individual is autonomous and therefore the nurses and other professionals should respect the values and choices that they make.

Three Options That Could Be Used for Resolution of The Dilemma

The utilitarian approach to the case is to have the patient tied up so that she does not move without being helped, which may, in turn, make her to be injured or to injure others. This is because although it makes her unhappy, she is safe, and she still has the option of being helped with walking. This is also the option that is the virtue approach as it allows me to act like the person I would want to be. I would want to ensure that she is safe and can always provide assistance for her to walk.

Ethical Issues Faced by the Nursing Staff

The option that respects her right is to allow her to enjoy her autonomy and freedom of movement. This will ensure that she is treated equally with other members of the facility and her autonomy and wishes will be granted. The approach that serves the community as a whole, also known as the common good approach is to have her tied to her chair to restrain her so that she can seek help and not fall as this may harm her and any other person that may be around if she falls on them or their walking equipment.

Option That Best Addresses the Situation

Considering the options, it is advisable that Olive be spoken to and informed of the benefits of the restraint. Also, it will be important if she is allowed some form of freedom especially during specific times that are deemed to be safe by the nurses, who will also ensure that they closely monitor her.

List the Ethical Principles

  • Beneficence
  • Autonomy
  • Justice
  • fidelity

Impact of This Ethical Issue on The Nursing Profession

This ethical dilemma has an impact on the nursing profession. It brings about a conflict between the duties of beneficence and respect for autonomy. This brings about a situation where the patient may be allowed to make a free choice, but will instead compromise her health and put their lives in jeopardy.

 

References

Bollig, G., Schmidt, G., Rosland, J. H., & Heller, A. (2015). Ethical challenges in nursing

homes–staff’s opinions and experiences with systematic ethics meetings with participation of residents’ relatives. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 29(4), 810-823. doi.org/10.1111/scs.12213

Sawyer, J. (1983). Code Gray. Fanlight Productions

Tuominen, L., Leino-Kilpi, H., & Suhonen, R. (2016). Older people’s experiences of their free

will in nursing homes. Nursing ethics, 23(1), 22-35. doi.org/10.1177/0969733014557119

 

 

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Management of Tuberculosis

Management of Tuberculosis

Wilson is a 36-year-old migrant worker. He was admitted to the Hospital with a cough, unintended weight loss, and night sweats. He is staying with 6 friends in a one bedroom apartment near the strawberry field where he works. The ED physician suspects Tuberculosis (TB).

  • What diagnostic testing will the Provider order to confirm a diagnosis of TB?
  • What Isolation precautions do you expect to be put in place and why?
  • Describe the recommended treatment regimen for TB, including the rationale for combination drug therapy.
  • Identify the reason compliance to medication therapy is often a concern in the patient with TB.
  • What should be done for Wilson’s 6 roommates?

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Management of Tuberculosis

            Clinical presentation for Wilson reveals that he may have tuberculosis. His symptoms include unintended weight loss, night sweats, and coughs. However, to get a clear diagnosis of tuberculosis, the practitioner needs to perform a Mantoux tuberculin skin test. It involves the injection of a fluid into the skin of a person’s lower arm. Alternatively, the practitioner can take samples of the patient’s sputum to confirm tuberculosis infection (Lange et al., 2018). The practitioner needs to provide airborne isolation precautions. This is because the germs causing tuberculosis are usually spread via air. Since the client is staying with 6 friends, he needs to be given a special room to minimize spread of tuberculosis bacteria (Rangaka et al., 2015).

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The recommended regimen for tuberculosis involves four drugs. For intitial treatment, a patient is given rifampin, pyazinamide, isoniad, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. Ethambutol or streptomycin may be discontinued when the person is viewed to be fully susceptible. The use of combination therapy is considered essential as it helps in killing a high number of TB-causing bacteria in the body. The combination is also determined by whether the person has an active or latent form of the disease and whether the person is infected by human immunodeficiency virus (Lange et al., 2018).

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Compliance to tuberculosis treatment is a big concern for patients because the bacteria associated with the disease is very strong. Poor adherence to treatment may make people to be infectious for a longer period. They are also more likely to relapse or die. Moreover, taking drugs according to the prescriptions is viewed to control drug-resistant form of tuberculosis.  In the scenario, Wilson’s roommates also need to undergo diagnosis to verify if they have tuberculosis or not. If they do not have the disease, Wilson needs to be isolated from them in order to minimize chances of being infected (Rangaka et al., 2015).

 

References

Lange, C., Chesov, D., Heyckendorf, J., Leung, C. C., Udwadia, Z., & Dheda, K. (2018).

Drug‐resistant tuberculosis: An update on disease burden, diagnosis and treatment. Respirology, 23(7), 656-673.

Rangaka, M. X., Cavalcante, S. C., Marais, B. J., Thim, S., Martinson, N. A., Swaminathan, S.,

& Chaisson, R. E. (2015). Controlling the seedbeds of tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection. The Lancet, 386(10010), 2344-2353.

 

 

 

 

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Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy

Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy

Vaginal Bleeding in pregnancy:

A pregnant patient arrives in the Emergency Department with complaints of vaginal bleeding. You will choose the gestational age of your patient, and based on that gestational age answer the following questions: 2 References needed and at least 2 in text citation.

  1. Knowing the gestational age, provide information on LMP, and EDD
  2. What are the possible reasons she is bleeding at this gestational age?
  3. What are your nursing interventions for this issue, and please include education to your patient.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy

The patient who is at her 10th week of pregnancy as of October 9, 2019 is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During the assessment process, it is discovered that her last menstrual period began 10 weeks and three days ago; hence indicating she is in her 10th week. The patient has been experiencing low-back pains, increase in vaginal discharge, contractions, as well as Braxton hicks. Mostly, she had signs of early pregnancy loss, which include bleeding and cramping.

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Some of the medical issues involved with bleeding and cramping during such an early stage include ectopic pregnancy or a miscarriage. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2016), 10% of women who experience bleeding and cramping end up having a miscarriage. Other symptoms may include pelvic and abdominal pain, which at times occur even before one realizes they are pregnant. Various interventions can be used to ensure the patient does not have an ectopic pregnancy. First, for pregnancies between 9-12 weeks, a surgical intervention evacuation can be conducted to remove retained products of conception (Ward &Hisley, 2016). However, the patient should be educated on the risks involved with the procedure, such as hemorrhage, infections, and uterus perforation.

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Medical management can also be used as an intervention, whereby, treatment is given using anti-progestin to increase uterine contractions and block progesterone action. However, if the patient had an ectopic pregnancy, other interventions such as laparotomy and laparoscopy would be considered (Ward, &Hisley, 2016). The most preferable option is laparoscopy since its side effects are less and the patient has shorter hospital stays. However, the patient should be educated on the risks of this intervention, which may include incomplete removal of trophoblast tissue.

 

References

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2016, July). Women’s Health Care Physicians. Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/

Ward, S., &Hisley, S. (2016). Maternal-child nursing care: Optimizing outcomes for mothers, children, & families (2nd Ed.).

 

 

 

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Cultural Assessment – Chinese culture

Cultural Assessment – Chinese culture

The student will select a culture other than their own and design a paper using evidence based resources to address challenges

Use headings to help guide your reader through the sections of this paper.

  • An introductory paragraph where you define the topic. Be sure the purpose of the paper clearly stated.
  • Remember- in APA format the word “Introduction” is not a heading for the introductory paragraph.
  • Define the chosen culture. What are the characteristics of the culture- health beliefs, food preferences, and religious guidelines?
  • Significance of the topic – Provide examples of appropriate communication, how would the RN interact if there are language barriers, resources that would be included?
  • Discuss two significant health issues that are prevalent within the chosen culture and what the priorities for health maintenance or promotion that need to be addressed.
  • Summary paragraph will briefly recap the main points you raised.
  • Be sure to cite your references.
  • I am an African, any other culture will be fine
  • I will also require an abstract.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Abstract

The Chinese culture is one of the most ancient, diverse and sophisticated cultures of the world. The modern-day culture in China is an integration of the westernized lifestyle and old-world traditions, which co-exist in a balanced formula. The culture is ethically ambiguous with various minority groups including the Han, Manchus, Mongols, and Hezhen. The diversity in their languages, cuisines, celebrations, and artistic practices makes the culture different from the western culture. Health practices are constructed against an environment of regular social interactions and negotiations where allegiance to social identity, norms, and cultural traditions play a significant role. Major health conditions affecting this community include respiratory disorders, cancer and dental diseases.

 

Cultural Assessment

Different cultures vary in their systems of health beliefs and values concerning illness and methods of treatment. Western societies such as America view disease as natural scientific phenomena and therefore advocate for medical treatment that fights microorganisms. Other societies, like the Chinese, believe that illness is a result of supernatural phenomena that can be treated through spiritual intervention or using cultural herbs. Some are therefore reluctant to accept a diagnosis of various diseases such as mental retardation. For most Chinese, going for health counseling involves self-disclosure, and this goes against their values. Moreover, cultural values influence patients’ role in managing their health and the decision-making process concerning treatment.

Characteristics of the Chinese culture

Various cultural influences guide the health behaviors of the Chinese community. Health practices are constructed against an environment of regular social interactions and negotiations where allegiance to social identity, norms, and cultural traditions play a significant role. Therefore, beliefs regarding health express psychological factors that shape the choices made about health-related behavior and practices. Chinese beliefs on illness and health are based on a theory of balance and energy flow.  Diet, for example, plays a crucial role in treating illnesses and, sometimes, various dietary prescriptions are used as self-medication. Pregnant women, for instance, should not eat cold fruits such as bananas, to avoid miscarriage. Some take herbal drinks that protect the pregnancy and remove toxins from the womb and ensure a healthy baby.

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The doctors use various traditional Chinese medicines such as herbs, acupuncture, meditation, Tui Na massage, and food to recover and sustain health. Herbs are used in regulating natural body balance and health restoration. The herbs come in the form of powders, pills, or balms for external use. Acupuncture, on the other hand, involves inserting needles into the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles at particular acupuncture points and manipulating them. Tui Na is used for treating chronic pain musculoskeletal conditions. Also, the Chinese nutrition is considered the first line of defense in health matters. A balanced diet includes the five tastes – sour, spicy, sweet, bitter, and salty. The tastes are necessary for providing strength, cooling and warming the body.

Cultural Assessment – Chinese culture

Barriers to receiving quality care

Most health care professionals expect that patients will conform to mainstream values and this has created barriers for cultural groups such as Chinese to receive healthcare.  The various barriers include; “face-saving,” use of cultural herbs and lack of trust for healthcare providers.  Face-Saving is a strong concept in the Chinese culture. Patients avoid looking weak or foolish and they, therefore, avoid being vocal with healthcare providers concerning their health issues. Also, Most of them prefer using alternative and complementary medicine such as herbs, acupuncture, and massage. Moreover, some patients do not fully trust nurses and the with hold relevant information concerning their health.  Chinese also believe in karma, and according to them, it is bad luck to talk about death or illness.

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Chinese residents in New York encounter countless socioeconomic problems and are faced with high disease dominance and poor health standards. Respiratory disorders, cancer and dental diseases are prevalent among the Chinese community. Structural factors, such as, affordability, accessibility, and service availability including health insurance, lack of finances, and cultural factors such as health beliefs and proficiency of the English language cause healthcare disparities. Additionally, barriers in the health system may prevent Chinese population from obtaining appropriate health care.

Cultural Assessment – Chinese culture

Summary

Healthcare providers should be aware of the important Chinese cultural beliefs. A poor understanding of cultural differences may lead to adverse clinical outcomes such as the use of harmful remedies, delayed immunization, non-compliance and reduced participation. Due to this, health disparities among members of this group are evident. The firm belief in traditional healing practices prevents the Chinese from seeking further medication. Some of the curing approaches used by this community, such as massage, may be too expensive. Patients, especially those not covered by insurance, suffer from an easily curable disease due to inadequate knowledge on alternative and affordable medical care. The lack of understanding has led to high mortality and morbidity rate. Nurses should combine cultural information with clinical assessment of the patient to provide culturally sensitive care.

 

References

Ch’en, J. (2018). China and the West: society and culture, 1815-1937. Routledge.

Wang, Y. K. (2010). Harmony and war: Confucian culture and Chinese power politics.

Columbia University Press.

 

 

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Group Therapy Progress Note

Group Therapy Progress Note

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Develop effective documentation skills for family therapy sessions *
  • Develop diagnoses for clients receiving family psychotherapy *
  • Evaluate the efficacy of solution-focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for families *
  • Analyze legal and ethical implications of counseling clients with psychiatric disorders *

Select two clientsyou observed or counseled this week during a family therapy session. Note: The two clients you select must have attended the same family session. Do not select the same family you selected for Week 2.

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Then, address in your Practicum Journal the following:

  • Using the Group Therapy Progress Note in this week’s Learning Resources, document the family session.
  • Describe each client (without violating HIPAA regulations) and identify any pertinent history or medical information, including prescribed medications.
  • Using the DSM-5, explain and justify your diagnosis for each client.
  • Explain whether solution-focused or cognitive behavioral therapy would be more effective with this family. Include expected outcomes based on these therapeutic approaches.
  • Explain any legal and/or ethical implications related to counseling each client.
  • Support your approach with evidence-based literature.
  • BLANK NOTES INCLUDED THAT NEED TO BE FILLED OUT

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Group Therapy Progress Note American Psychological Association

Client: James Henry Date:  October 5th , 2019 Group name: Henrys Minutes: 40 minutes Group session # 5 Meeting attended is #: 5 for this client. Number present in group 2 of 2. Scheduled Start time: 10.40 am End time: 11.20am.

Assessment of client  1. Participation level: Active/eager ❑ Variable ❑ Only responsive ❑ Minimal ❑ Withdrawn

  1. Participation quality: ❑ Expected ❑ Supportive ❑ Sharing ❑ Attentive ❑ Intrusive ❑ Monopolizing ❑ Resistant ❑ Other: _____________________________________
  2. Mood: ❑ Normal ❑ Anxious ❑ Depressed ❑ Angry ❑ Euphoric ❑ Other: _______________
  3. Affect: ❑ Normal ❑ Intense ❑ Blunted ❑ Inappropriate ❑ Labile ❑Other:_______________
  4. Mental status: ❑ Normal ❑ Lack awareness ❑ Memory problems ❑ Disoriented ❑ Confused ❑ Disorganized ❑ Vigilant ❑ Delusions ❑ Hallucinations ❑Other:__________________
  5. Suicide/violence risk: ❑ Almost none ❑ Ideation ❑ Threat ❑ Rehearsal ❑ Gesture ❑ Attempt
  6. Change in stressors: ❑ Less severe/fewer ❑ Different stressors ❑ More/more severe ❑ Chronic
  7. Change in coping ability/skills: ❑ No change ❑ Improved ❑ Less able ❑ Much less able
  8. Change in symptoms: ❑ Same ❑ Less severe ❑ Resolved ❑ More severe ❑ Much worse 10.

Other observations/evaluations:

 

The patient shows normal physical health

In-session procedures:

 

The session used cognitive behavioral therapy as a technique for enhancing counseling.

 

Homework: 1. 2. 3.

Other Comments:

The client is stabilizing  from his depression.

 

Group Therapy Progress Note American Psychological Association

Client: Adelide Henry Date:  October 5th , 2019 Group name: Henrys Minutes: 40 minutes Group session # 5 Meeting attended is #: 5 for this client. Number present in group 2 of 2. Scheduled Start time: 10.40 am End time: 11.20am.

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Assessment of client  1. Participation level: Active/eager ❑ Variable ❑ Only responsive ❑ Minimal ❑ Withdrawn

  1. Participation quality: ❑ Expected ❑ Supportive ❑ Sharing ❑ Attentive ❑ Intrusive ❑ Monopolizing ❑ Resistant ❑ Other: _____________________________________
  2. Mood: ❑ Normal ❑ Anxious ❑ Depressed ❑ Angry ❑ Euphoric ❑ Other: _______________
  3. Affect: ❑ Normal ❑ Intense ❑ Blunted ❑ Inappropriate ❑ Labile ❑Other:_______________
  4. Mental status: ❑ Normal ❑ Lack awareness ❑ Memory problems ❑ Disoriented ❑ Confused ❑ Disorganized ❑ Vigilant ❑ Delusions ❑ Hallucinations ❑Other:__________________
  5. Suicide/violence risk: ❑ Almost none ❑ Ideation ❑ Threat ❑ Rehearsal ❑ Gesture ❑ Attempt
  6. Change in stressors: ❑ Less severe/fewer ❑ Different stressors ❑ More/more severe ❑ Chronic
  7. Change in coping ability/skills: ❑ No change ❑ Improved ❑ Less able ❑ Much less able
  8. Change in symptoms: ❑ Same ❑ Less severe ❑ Resolved ❑ More severe ❑ Much worse 10.

Other observations/evaluations:

 

The patient shows coherence in communication with a stable mental orientation

In-session procedures:

The session used cognitive behavioral therapy.

Homework: 1. 2. 3.

Other Comments:

The client depicts some anxiety symptoms.

 

 

 

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Capital Punishment in Criminal Justice

Capital Punishment in Criminal Justice

ASSIGNMENT 1 Writing Activity 1: Prewriting & Research Assignment Due Week 3 and worth 100 points Instructions: Follow the three-step process outlined in Webtext chapter 3 to complete and submit Writing Activity 1. For additional help, watch the video tutorial in your course, which will walk you through the process. Step 1 Complete the following prewriting activities in your Webtext.

Week 1: Select Your Topic

Week 2: Develop Your Position and Draft Your Supporting Points

Week 3: Research Organizer

Step 2 Download and Edit Your Work

Download Complete all the activities and templates in your Webtext. Then download your Prewriting & Research Assignment from the Webtext. (*** You will need to finish all writing templates before you are able to download the assignment) Edit Your Work Run your Microsoft Word document through Grammarly to identify and correct any issues with grammar, spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, and style. NOTE: Refer to the Webtext to learn how to sign up for and use Grammarly. Remember to remove all of the Grammarly comments and underlined words before you submit! Step 3 Submit to Blackboard Go to week 3 in your course and upload your Prewriting & Research Assignment.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Capital Punishment in Criminal Justice

Background

Since time immemorial, criminals have been executed as a punishment for the crimes that they have committed (Rice, 2017). Capital punishment also referred to as the death penalty is a justice system where the offenders, when found guilty are killed. The reasons for the penalty varied among different societies and they included sexual crimes, blasphemy, magic as well as a violation of religious obligations among others (McFeely, 2019). In the USA the punishment has been used for treason, murder, and people involved in the use of spies by governments to obtain political and military information. Other parts of the world provide death punishment for different reasons. For instance, in the Middle East, the death penalty is given for people involved in sexual crimes including incest, sodomy, rape, and adultery. In China, it is given to people involved in corruption and human trafficking. In history, capital punishment involved various ways of killing an individual including crucifixion, stripping the skin off an individual, stoning, burning, dismemberment and crushing among other methods. In the modern world, industrialized countries may use lethal injections among other modern forms. However, in the USA, capital punishment is given through the firing squad (McFeely, 2019).

Position:

I am opposed to capital punishment being given to an individual irrespective of the crime that they have committed. The most common argument for capital punishment, which results in death, is that it serves as a deterrent to others who would want to engage in similar crimes (Rice, 2017). It means that other people in society will recognize the effect of the crime and consequently avoid getting involved. However, capital punishment is morally wrong and had more disadvantages than advantages.

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Morally, it is wrong to give capital punishment because it simply results in the executer following in the steps of the offender. It involves committing a crime as compensation for another crime or simply following the example of the criminal by carrying out an equally bad action (Binder et al. 2016). The process does not allow the offender to take time and change their lives and be better people in the future. This is because an individual may have committed a crime unintentionally, such as crimes of passion, which may be different from the premeditated crimes. The person may be given another chance at life instead of being killed. The capital punishment however denies the offender the opportunity of rehabilitation, which is supposed to be the main goal of the justice system (Haney, Weill, and Lynch, 2015).  Also, the criminal justice system has been filled with errors previously and consequently, an innocent individual may be put to death for a mistake that they did not commit (Brown, & McGee, 2018).

The capital punishment process is also expensive and there are several costs involved including special prison housing and staff costs. The governments spend a significant amount of tax payer’s money to fund such processes. The money would be used to carry out other important activities like educating the poor in society or coming up with programs that would seek to establish corrective behaviors or deter youths from getting into crime (Brown, & McGee, 2018).

Capital Punishment in Criminal Justice

When criminals face capital punishment, it seems as though an individual is being given the decision to decide when another person’s life will end. In various religious beliefs, there is a supreme God that gives and takes life and therefore, when pothers end the lives of others, they seem to be assuming the role of God. Capital punishments infringe on the inviolability, sanctity, and dignity of an individual’s life as only God should be allowed the right to take the lives of people. In conclusion, capital punishment should be abolished from the legal system because it is morally wrong and is very costly in addition to the fact that it gives man the position of God considering everyone has one life.

 

References

American Civil Liberties Union. (2019). The debate against capital punishment. Retrieved

from: https://www.aclu.org/other/case-against-death-penalty?redirect=capital-punishment/case-against-death-penalty

The article provides the reason why capital punishment is a process that is not only barbaric but also goes against the expectations of a democratic society.  It highlights the process as being expensive and consequently wastage of taxpayer’s money. It expounds on the fact that the process is inhumane and anachronistic or old fashioned. It also has a negative impact on the people that witness the process.  It shows several reasons why the process should be abolished and hence supports my argument on opposing the idea of capital punishment.

Binder, G., Fissell, B., & Weisberg, R. (2016). Capital punishment of unintentional felony

murder. Notre Dame L. Rev., 92, 1141.

The article delves into the eighth amendment and offers a description of an individual who is eligible for capital punishment. An example of a case is provided shedding more light on background information of the issue of capital punishment.

Brown, L. L., & McGee, S. G. (2018). Social Work and Capital Punishment: a Call to

Action. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work3(4), 229-239.

The authors highlight the stand by social work governing bodies that have called for an end to capital; punishment. The main idea is that it violates the eighth amendment and remains a threat to the mission of the profession and most importantly leads to violence. The article supports the position by arguing that the process is expensive. It suggests that the money that is used in capital trails and the appeals be used on other more appropriate roles such as law enforcement and a better society. It also establishes that the system is filled with errors hence proving the fact that innocent people may be convicted.

Haney, C., Weill, J., & Lynch, M. (2015). The death penalty. In B. L. Cutler & P. A. Zapf

(Eds.), APA handbooks in psychology. APA handbook of forensic psychology, Vol. Criminal investigation, adjudication, and sentencing outcomes (pp. 451-510). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14462-017

The article discusses the concept of capital punishment and explains that although few people are involved in the punishment, it remains a controversial topic that has been studied widely. it is established the punishment differs from the other types of punishments in degree as well as in-kind based on the fact that it is irrevocable. This supports my position because it brings out that the process rejects the possibility of rehabilitation and hence does not allow the criminal to change their lives.

McFeely, W, S. (2019). Trial and Error: Capital Punishment in U.S. History. Retrieved

From: http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5420

The article provides information about capital punishment and the background of how it was used. It reveals the circumstances under which capital punishment was given including a description of the rimes from different parts of the world. It serves to highlight that some of the reasons were barbaric and did not deserve the sentence.

Rice, S. K. (2017). Darkness to Light: Procedural Injustice as Crisis for Capital

Punishment Legitimacy. Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 15(3), 13.

The article talks about the issue of capital punishment and the loops that exist in process. It serves to show that there are injustices that take place in the criminal justice system and as a result may have an impact on the capital punishment.

 

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Reflection Paper – Counseling

Reflection Paper – Counseling

Self-Reflection: You have been practicing counseling skills either on a volunteer or on yourself throughout this course. This paper is an opportunity to reflect on everything you learned. It is also an opportunity to examine yourself as a potential counselor. You may write in the first-person perspective in this assignment. Write a 500-750-word paper addressing the following: 1. What is the most significant information you learned about the skills required to be an effective counselor? Were there any skills that surprised you as you worked through the course? 2. What are your strengths as a potential counselor? These could be attending or communication skills, attitudes or behaviors that will be an asset in the counseling role. 3. What skills do you think will be most difficult for you? What might be your handicaps as a counselor? 4. What are some specific actions you will take to prepare yourself for your future practicum experience? 5. Explain the role of consultant-counselor. Do you see yourself acting in this role? Why or why not? Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Reflection Paper – Counseling

            As a professional counselor, my main role is to provide assessment, diagnosis and counseling services to people struggling with stress and other psychological problems. In line with this objective, there are several skills that I require to perform my job effectively. As an effective counselor, I need to have excellent communication skills to listen better and clearly explain interventions to patients and other professional counselors. The ability to show empathy when helping people who are going through difficult times is crucial in the counseling profession. Problem solving skills help counselors identify necessary changes to negative thought patterns in their clients. The fact that I have to display multicultural competency and acquire a multicultural worldview surprised me during the course. All these skills have taught me one significant lesson; counseling is not rigid; it is highly anchored on the ability to form relationships with clients and enjoying the process of helping others.

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As a potential counselor, I have identified several key strengths that I possess that I believe will help me in my future practice. I am very flexible. I am able to adapt and change several aspects of my life to respond well to challenges. I believe that this strength will help me respond well to my client’s needs. I am also very resilient and patient in intense and demanding environments. Being able to have emotional robustness and self-reflexivity will help me better take care of my patient’s needs.

The ability to develop a non-judgmental approach is a skill that I struggle with as an individual and might affect my duties as a counselor. My major role as a therapist is to help clients analyze their situations clearly and from an optimistic viewpoint. As such, I need to manage my reactions to situations in a professional manner to help my clients feel free to talk about their feelings without the fear of criticism and rejection.

Reflection Paper – Counseling

To prepare for my future practicum experience, I will work on my micro skills. The influential skills that I will focus more on include; my negotiation skills, paraphrasing skills, questioning, self-disclosure and client observation skills. In addition to working on my micro skills, I will get a supervisor to help increase my professional effectiveness. To better understand the many theories and approaches in counseling, I will consistently study these approaches and techniques. Networking is a great way to acquire new industry contacts. I will affiliate myself with industry associations to access my industry-standard codes of ethics and my professional development.

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A consulting therapist applies therapeutic principles to an organizational setting. A consulting counselor specializes in one specific are of psychology such as clinical psychology or industrial psychology. Additionally, a consulting counselor offers consultative services in an advisory capacity only. They purpose to rectify problems that affect organizations to facilitate their smooth running and ensure employee satisfaction. Consulting therapists also work closely with managers to help them improve their managerial skills. I do see myself working as a consulting therapist in future. This is because I enjoy working with both small and large groups of people. As a consulting therapist, I will be called to analyze problems in organizations and suggest potential solutions. Some of the tasks might include conducting interviews with employees and managers to help improve relations in the facility. I also enjoy conducting research and designing interventions. These are also part of the duties of a consulting counselor.

 

 

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Liberals Hold the Moral High Ground

Liberals Hold the Moral High Ground

Topic link:

 

Please review the debate on the topic and review the supplemental materials found on your debate webpage: Main Points, From the Briefing Room, or any of the other resources on your debate page. You should use these to help develop your arguments.

This essay will ask you to take a position on the topic you have been assigned. You also, have the choice to write your essay in the classical or rogerian format. When you type up your rough draft and your final draft please include “classical” or “rogerian” with the rest of your title, so we know what kind of argument you are writing (example: Classical: The Threat of Social Media to Democracy).

This essay must be 4-6 pages (your work cited page does not count as a page of content). You must include a work-cited page. You must include at least three sources–I suggest you begin by using the sources located in the “From the Briefing Room” section of your debate page. If you choose to use other sources, be sure they are reputable news sources.

 

FYI: I will need a rough draft by 9/25 and Final draft by 9/29.

please don’t forget to include in the essay title the type of essay , if Classical or Rogerian. Thanks, Ninfa!

 

ok. thanks. Also, wanted to comment for the writer to please focus more in the article when analyzing- even thou I do need three sources. from essay one professor’s comments and received an 80% on it

 

he stated, that we all needed to pay attention to his feedback and apply it to essay number two, which is this one.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Classical: Liberals Hold the Moral High Ground

The social and political opinions of individuals are pegged on the moral concerns that they have regarding what is either wrong or right (Day et al. 2014). Also, individuals want similar things from life and they include the desire for freedom, the chance for prosperity, good health, security, and crime-free society as well as the desire to have minimal suffering. The argument about the higher moral ground is mainly based on how to achieve these desires. The liberal and conservative philosophies lead to more than just outcomes and they influence the policy goals and national identities hence their role in enabling people to achieve the desires above. Liberals are concerned with aspects such as showing love and concern for the disadvantaged in the society as well as the poor and marginalized. They also advocate for fairness and hence seek to address the historical injustices that may have brought about inequality among the people living in the present day. Furthermore, liberals identify with generosity that expands beyond the culture of individuals as well as their backgrounds. On the other hand, the conservatives believe in ideals that are expected of individuals and they include patriotism as well as the respect of the people that have been placed in leadership or authority. In addition, they advocate for fairness and liberty. Consequently, with conservative thinking, individuals experience consequences or rewards for the actions that they choose to engage in. Also, conservatisms hold a deep respect for moral tradition as well as the state or quality of being holy of the religious institution, which is viewed as exhibiting ultimate importance and inviolability. In today’s political arena, which is characterized by being divisive and a society whose social and political opinions are pegged on moral concerns, the liberal side embodies the most cherished virtues by the nation and they hold the moral high ground.

This means that in accordance with the political parlance and ethical grounds, they uphold the status of remaining morally upright and remaining focused on attaining a universally accepted standard of goodness and justice (Yilmaz, & Saribay, 2017). It also means that the liberals have ideals and opinions that are not only sound but aim at ensuring that ethical concerns and morality is addressed in every possible way. Morality may be different in different places, or according to different cultures, but it is universally accepted as focusing on the wellbeing of the majority of people in a society. The belief systems that the liberals hold are ideal and support the goodness for all. Researchers of moral philosophy have established that morality is pegged on crucial issues, which include the idea of less or no harm, rights, and justice (Haidt and Graham, 2007). One important aspect that supports their moral ground is the education in terms of vouchers and charter schools. Children from different groups should all enjoy the right to education, which should be legally guaranteed to all members of a society without discrimination. Furthermore, various states are tasked with the obligation to protect respect and fulfill the right to education and be accountable for violations or deprivations.

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Liberals hold that the students would best be educated in public schools and therefore the government should focus all their efforts on providing additional funds to improve the infrastructure of the schools and reducing the size of classes as well as salaries of the teachers. This means that the quality of education will be improved and many people will be able to get the chance to access it. In doing so, there will be a general conformation to the universal idea of morality, which entails justice and goodness for all. Although the conservatives also advocate for the right to education, there may be differences in how they view how quality education should be presented.

Conservatives advocate for School vouchers, which seeks to establish competition in the education system while still advocating for the use of private schools, which will be funded by the government in the school of choice of parents or students.  What the conservatives choose not to see is that this will bring about a divide of good schools and those that offer lower quality. The implication is that the more affluent people in society will be able to afford the competitive schools, which will be offering better quality of education, while the poor people’s children are left with the low quality ones. Going the liberal way means that the public schools, which are accessible to all people and especially the low income earners will be well equipped to benefit everyone.

Secondly, liberals hold a high moral ground in terms of healthcare, which should be available and accessible to all. It is said that health is better than wealth and therefore all Americans should be able to access universal healthcare irrespective of their background and financial ability. Liberals support this course by arguing for a free or low-cost government-controlled health care. This means that millions of Americans who are financially limited will still be able to access affordable healthcare. This belief supports the general good for many as compared to the conservative idea that advocates for a competitive healthcare system because it supports privatization. This means that only the people who can afford can access the best quality of healthcare leaving out the poor and marginalized people. This is another example of how the liberals hold higher moral ground by endorsing individual focused moral concerns that strive to offer fairness and compassion (Graham, Nosek, and Haidt, 2012).

Another issue is Homeland Security, which mainly involves airport security and especially passenger profiling. According to the conservative ideals, surveillance efforts should focus on 18-38-year-old Islamic or Muslim men and they should undergo extra security searches. The liberalists hold that this is offensive to these groups and that anyone can be a terrorist because it is not a religious issue but a moral issue. Therefore, they suggest that it is not right to use ethnicity as a discriminatory ground, but instead, passenger profiling should be random. This is because according to Sikorski, et al. (2017), the idea that all Muslims are terrorists is a misconception and it has been brought about by the state coverage by the media on the issue.

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Conservatives bring up arguments that attempt to attain a moral high ground and consequently seek to prove that their policies as well as actions are morally superior to that of the liberals. In terms of education, the conserve polices recommend the voucher system, which allows all parents to choose good private schools for their children, a move that is aimed at improving the competition and consequently the quality. However, the idea of voucher programs takes away money from the public schools system, which is more accessible to everyone. At the same time, families that want to take their children to private schools should be able to fund the costs so that they do not use up money that would instead be used by low income area public schools.

In many of the conservative policies, they seek to improve individuality, which tends to bring about selfish interests because of the rewards and consequences that are explained as being individual in nature. However, it is important to recognize that they care about the well-being of individuals. The difference is that they seek a competitive environment that is expected to improve the quality of various aspects of life such as education and healthcare. However, it is important to have the government take care of its citizens and prevent them from exploitation while at the same time ensuring that each of its members is able to access vital services such as healthcare and education, which is a policy supported by the liberals.

In conclusion, moral high ground is concerned with upholding the status of being morally upright and acting in accordance with universally recognized standards of justice and goodness. The liberal idea supports the good of a larger group of people through the arguments that it holds. For instance, in health, as well as in education, liberals support actions that will not only support the elite of the society but also incorporates other groups of people including the poor and the marginalized. This is because the liberals tend to have policies that seek to ensure that the government takes care of all its citizens and improve the public domain. A large number of people utilize the public services and especially individuals from low income earning situations. This means that when there is competition and they have to choose an option, they will remain with the public services, which will be underfunded as a result of the conservative policies that seek to fund them even in private facilities such as schools and hospitals. The conservatisms fail to hold the moral high ground mainly because their ideas are based on offering competition among the people. Competition may be beneficial in some case because it leads to development and improvement in infrastructure of some of the key facilities such as schools and hospitals. However, it does not allow for all people to benefit, and the implication is that those that may not be able to afford will be forced to use the lower quality services.

 

References

Day, M. V., Fiske, S. T., Downing, E. L., & Trail, T. E. (2014). Shifting liberal and conservative

Attitudes using moral foundations theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(12), 1559-1573. doi.org/10.1177/0146167214551152

Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., & Haidt, J. (2012). The moral stereotypes of liberals and

Conservatives: Exaggeration of differences across the political spectrum. PloS one, 7(12), e50092. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050092

Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2007). When morality opposes justice: Conservatives have moral

Intuitions that liberals may not recognize. Social Justice Research, 20(1), 98-116.

Von Sikorski, C., Schmuck, D., Matthews, J., & Binder, A. (2017). “Muslims are not Terrorists”:

Islamic State coverage, journalistic differentiation between terrorism and Islam, fear reactions, and attitudes toward Muslims. Mass Communication and Society20(6), 825-848. doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2017.1342131

Yilmaz, O., & Saribay, S. A. (2017). Activating analytic thinking enhances the value given to

Individualizing moral foundations. Cognition165, 88-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.05.009

 

 

 

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Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)

Please use the grid for part one.

Question: Please read carefully.

Federal OR State Legislation

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid Based on the health-related bill you selected, complete the Legislation

Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following: • Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed. • Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill. • Identify the target populations addressed by the bill. • Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees? • Is it receiving press coverage

Advocating for Legislation

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following: • Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position. • Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples. • Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

Please take note:

Tittle page

Ø  Introduction with a purpose statement

Ø  Part one, which is the template with the chosen Bill.

Ø  Part two which is essay form (1-2) pages of the Legislation Testimony/ Advocacy Statement.

Ø  Then conclusion

Ø  Reference page Please make sure is APA format.

In text citation. 100% originality.

No running heads. Masters level paper.

Please use at least 3-4 of the reading resources provided very important. Is part of the instructions. Exp: The congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources to select the bill. And the text book.

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

H.R. 728. Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019

Introduction

Continued development of the nursing workforce is important to ensure quality healthcare. Training and education of nurses is important in the provision of quality patient care as well as nurses’ career satisfaction. Lifelong learning for nurses helps in the maintenance of competency, provision of quality patient care as well as enhancing career opportunities for the nurses. The bill “Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019” aims to develop programs that would ensure continued development of nurses. This paper analysis the proposed bill and why it is important to the nursing workforce and the patients as well as gives recommendation on amendments that should be done to the bill.

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid

Health-related Bill Name  

Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019

Bill Number H.R. 728.
Description H.R. 728. VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 main aim is to develop programs for the nursing workforce such as federal funding, support, and nursing education especially for nurses from rural and under deserved communities (Congress.gov, 2019).
Federal or State? Federal
Legislative Intent The bill will help meet the demands of recruitment, retention, and education of nurses. There are over five million licensed Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), Registered Nurses (RNs), and nursing students involved in the nursing profession across the country (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). This support would safeguard the health of the community by ensuring nurses federal investments for nursing research, education, healthcare, and workforce is maintained. The Nursing Community Coalition is committed for the bill to pass to guarantee the community health through nursing lens (Congress.gov, 2019). Thus, funding Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act will ensure Americans both in the rural and urban areas receive high-quality nursing care.

 

Proponents/ Opponents Proponents:

The proponents of the bill include the House Nursing Caucus Co-Chairs, Tulsi Gabbard, and David Joyce; representatives, Lauren Underwood, David McKinley, Kathy Castor, and Suzanne Bonamici and House Nursing Caucus Vice Co-Chairs, Rodney Davis. Besides, the Ranking Member Michael Burgess (R-TX) and the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, have improved their efforts to ensure Title VIII Reauthorization program is passed (Congress.gov, 2019). They are also dedicated to ensuring high-quality nursing care is achieved in the country. Thus, Title VIII Reauthorization program is supported by 62 members of the Nursing Community Coalition (NCC) and remains the main priority for the members of the Congress.

Opponents:

The ANA has many concerns regarding the bill by concluding that it does not align with the healthcare reform principles such as addressing the working conditions for nursing (Capitol Beat, 2019).

Target Population Health programs administration and funding, Education programs funding, Health personnel, Medical education, Nursing students and Colleges, Health facilities and institutions.
Status of the bill (Is it in hearings or committees? Is it receiving press coverage?) The legislation is still in the hearing stage since it was introduced to help curb shortage of nurses in the country through developing training and education of nurses (Congress.gov, 2019). The Nursing Community Coalition looks to ensure the Title VIII Reauthorization program pass in floor and remains as the leading active partner that would ensure it is passed in the 116th Congress (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). Thus, the bill will be critical in providing education opportunities for nurses and facilitate the delivery of quality health care in the country.

The Bill has received press coverage since its inception on January 23, 2019. Notably, it has received press coverage within the nursing community with the help of the Nursing Community Coalition, which represents nurse faculty, advanced practice registered nurses, registered nurses, students, nurse executives, and researchers.  Thus, the Nursing Community Coalition continues to create awareness and support the bill with the hope that it will generate funding for nurses in the future.

General Notes/Comments

 

 

H.R. 728. VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 is still in the hearing stage since it was introduced to help curb shortage of nurses in the country through developing training and education of nurses. The Nursing Community Coalition looks to ensure the Title VIII Reauthorization program pass in floor and remains as the leading active partner that would ensure it is passed in the 116th Congress (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). Thus, the bill will be critical in providing education opportunities for nurses and facilitate the delivery of quality health care in the country. Therefore, the Title VIII Nursing Workforce needs to be passed by the full house to guarantee nurse training and education.

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 ensures nurses are supported, educated, and trained to ensure they provide quality healthcare to the American population. The subcommittee adopted the amendment to ensure nurses get funding to further their education and increase their skills and knowledge in caring for patients (National League for Nursing, 2019). The funding guarantees the flexibility of the country in meeting the health care needs. It is common for nurses to be overlooked despite their dedication and service to the population. Researchers consider that the US is facing issues with increase in chronic and cardiovascular diseases, an aging population, and opioid epidemic, which means the country needs more and well-equipped nurses to care for these populations (Taylor et al., 2017). A bill is also a form of a long-term investment that would help the country to meet challenges within the nursing profession. The nursing schools that the legislation would serve will help to attract more individuals looking to study nursing and increase nursing workforce (Milstead & Short, 2019).  Thus, the Nursing Community Coalition needs to work with CEO of AACN Deborah Trautman to ensure the bill passes in the house.

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The opponents of the Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 should understand that nursing workforce development and the development of evidence-based research is critical in ensuring American health needs are realized. Nurses are the backbone of the health care system in America, and the challenges they undergo is directed to the provision of health care to the American population (National League for Nursing, 2019).  Besides, needs to realize that with the verge of nursing shortage it is essential that all training and recruitment programs are supported to ensure more people enter the nursing profession. For example, the House Energy and Commerce Committee did an excellent job by passing the bill, and it will be essential to see if the legislation is passed through a vote in the House floor (The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2019). Besides, the bill is critical to sustaining and bolstering the country’s nursing profession through addressing issues within the nursing workforce such as retention, recruitment, practice, and education of nurses. The opponents of the bill should also understand the legislation is also aimed to serve both underserved and rural areas. Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization will propel the nursing profession forward and improve the impact of nursing in ensuring the health of Americans is secured (National League for Nursing, 2019). Thus, funding is essential in advancing health care of communities, families, and individuals in the United States by reducing burdensome chronic illness, promoting patient-centered and improving end of life care

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony Statement

One amendment of the bill, which should be included in the Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization is to ensure nursing workforce are well equipped to facilitate clinical care and ensure they work in a more conducive environment to help promote patient dignity. Besides, nurses should be encouraged to take responsibility of their personal growth and education through taking advantage of such training programs to increase their knowledge and skills and boost their nursing profession.

Conclusion

As it has been noted, nursing development program would ensure quality patient care as well as career satisfaction for the nurses. The bill proposed would help in nursing career development and consequently ensure quality healthcare provision. Therefore, when the bill is passed it will have tremendous impact to the nursing profession as well as communities, families, and individuals in the United States. The bill will help in advancing healthcare by promoting patient-centered care and help in reducing burden of healthcare to the Americans.

 

References

Capitol Beat (21 August 2019). ANA Capitol Beat. Nurses are speaking and Congress is listening as August recess wraps up. Retrieved from https://anacapitolbeat.org/

Congress.gov. (2019).  H.R.728 – Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019.

Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/728/text?format=txt

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.).

Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

National League for Nursing (NLN). (2019). Workforce. Retrieved from

http://www.nln.org/advocacy-public-policy/legislative-issues/workforce

Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T.

(2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education. Nursing Outlook, 65(2), 346–350. Doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.05.003

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (January 23, 2019) AACN Applauds

Bipartisan Commitment to Support Investments in Nursing Education and Practice. Retrieved from https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Press-Releases/View/ArticleId/23047/title-viii-2019-commitment

 

 

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