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Describe the specific pathophysiological processes in SLE that lead to the manifestations observed in your assigned body system. How does SLE affect your assigned body system?

In SLE the main pathological findings involve inflammation, vasculitis, immune complex deposition, and vasculopathy. Immune disfunction and inflammation are important for lung pathology in autoimmune diseases (Shin et al., 2022). The process of how SLE involves the lungs is unknown, but elevated type 1 interferon levels, immune complexes, and neutrophils play a role in lung inflammation, scarring, and damage to lung tissues. Manifestations of pulmonary involvement can be acute or chronic, and primary or secondary. (Di Bartolomeo et al., 2021) research shows that every part of the respiratory tract can be involved; upper and lower airways, pleura, parenchyma, and respiratory muscles

Discuss the symptoms and clinical manifestations of SLE on your assigned body system. How do these symptoms impact the clientâ€™s function and quality of life? Can changes in your assigned body system affect or be affected by other body systems in clients with SLE?

There are five different types of lung problems that can manifest in lupus, they are; pleuritis, lupus pneumonitis (acute), fibrotic lupus pneumonitis (chronic), pulmonary hypertension, and shrinking lung syndrome. These lung problems may present as pleuritic chest pain, coughing, or shortness of breath. Quality of life is greatly affected when breathing is involved. These symptoms can greatly impair how a person completes ADLs and even affects them mentally due to their impaired breathing or even pain. Changes in the blood vessels directly affects the lungs and can affect the rest of the bodyâ€™s tissues. If the lungs are unable to oxygenate properly due to weakened diaphragm or pleural chest pain (impairs taking a deep breath to fully expand the lungs), this can cause other organs throughout the body to lack oxygenated blood supply.

Discuss the diagnostic tests used to diagnose SLE-related complications in your body system. What challenges are associated with diagnosing SLE if only looking at your assigned body system?

Different diagnostic tools are used when trying to diagnose pulmonary involvement of SLE. According to (Shin et al., 2022) and their research chest CT and PFTs should be used to identify lung involvement since these tests are easily available and mildly invasive. Chest CT and PFTs can sometimes detect early signs before symptoms of pulmonary involvement manifest. SLE does not always affect the lungs therefore diagnosis can be difficult if basing it on pulmonary involvement. Diagnosis of pulmonary involvement can also be difficult to pinpoint and can require several different imaging tests as mentioned above, lab studies, and finally a pulmonary function test.

Explore the current treatments for managing SLE symptoms associated with your assigned body system. What are the goals of these treatments and how effective are they in mitigating the impact of SLE on the body?

Pulmonary involvements can be managed with corticosteroid treatment. The goal of corticosteroid treatment is to control the SLE exacerbation. The steroids slow the inflammatory response in the body and helps prevent tissue damage. This treatment is effective because of the fast relief it can bring to symptoms in patients

Reference:

Di Bartolomeo, S., Alunno, A., & Carubbi, F. (2021). Respiratory manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Pharmaceuticals, 14(3), 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14030276

Shin, J. I., Lee, K. H., Park, S., Yang, J. W., Kim, H. J., Song, K., Lee, S., Na, H., Jang, Y. J., Nam, J. Y., Kim, S., Lee, C., Hong, C., Kim, C., Kim, M., Choi, U., Seo, J., Jin, H., Yi, B., â€¦ Kronbichler, A. (2022). Systemic lupus erythematosus and lung involvement: A comprehensive review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(22), 6714. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226714

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