Reduce Similarities
Neurological disorder
May Lee Perez Soto Florida National university Fall 2020
Introduction
The nervous system is usually divided into Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System, the CNS consist of the brain and spinal cord while the PNS is made up of the sense organs that sends information to the brain and efferent nerves that sends information out to the body for a particular response, Extra CNS has been found to have a very huge influence in the child’s cognitive development, that is why in most cases health provides are tasked with the challenge of screening and identifying health problems or even when is the proper time to refer the child to a specialist.
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The nervous system is divide into the CNS and PNS
CNS has a very huge influence in child’s development
Health providers have a challenge of identifying and screening neurologic problems
Neurologic Disorder
Neurologic disorder is where a disease affects the CNS and PNS, it usually has a very huge neurologic implication in case that occurs since the central neurons will have uncontrolled firing i.e. seizure, the CNS will be unable to respond or process stimuli as well as PNS being unable to receive or respond to stimuli. This things usually occur when the nervous system of an individual is damaged hence preventing neurotransmitters to work properly as expected of them.
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They are diseases that affect the CNS and the PNS
They usually lead to neurologic implication
The brain could start experiencing seizures
PNS may be unable to receive or respond to stimuli
Main Objectives
Describe the Pathophysiology of the neurologic system and pediatric differences
Choose the appropriate assessment guidelines and tools to examine infants and children with altered level of consciousness and other neurologic conditions
Assessment of the Nervous System
History
Onset
Pain and/or headache
Sensory deficits
Injury
Reflexive responses
Behavioral changes
Motor/balance changes
Medical history
Prenatal
Birth history/neonatal course
Injuries/infections
Assessment of the Nervous System
Medical history
Cardiovascular/respiratory disorders
Environmental exposure to toxins
Metabolic disorders
Past neurologic diseases/tests
Drug ingestion
Urinary tract disease
Physical growth
Family disease history
Similar symptoms/pedigree
Consanguinity
Migraine history
Intellectual functioning of family members
Assessment of the Nervous System
Developmental history
Achievement plateau/loss of skills
Functional health
Effects of symptoms on all areas of health promotion and safety
Social context
Family composition, school, community
Review all systems plus:
Allergies, immunizations, hearing, vision, dental, skin, behavior, nutrition,
Medications; recreational drugs
Physical Examination
Growth parameters
Skin abnormalities
Anomalies
Cardiovascular system
Musculoskeletal system
Hearing/vision
Tanner stage
Hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
Physical Examination
Specifics of the neurological examination
Behavior and mental status
Cranial nerve function
Motor examination
Sensory examination
Reflexes
Cranium examination
Autonomic nervous system
Meningeal signs
Physical Examination
Diagnostic studies
CT/MRI
Laboratory studies for systemic disease, infection, inflammation
Lumbar puncture
Electroencephalogram
US in infants
Polysomnography, electromyography, nerve conduction, evoked responses, cerebral arteriography
Early detection and how to suspect
We can suspect a child has neurological disorder if where he comes from is exposed to toxins such as lead
If there one of his family members has in the past experienced a long history of neurological disorder
It can be detected if a child experiences sensory deficit such as numbness or loss of pain sensation
Neurological disorder is usually suspected in a child if where he comes from the surrounding environment is exposed to toxins such as lead, which is something that must be put in consideration when examining the neurological condition of a child. We can also suspect them to have such conditions if one of their family members had experienced such condition in the past, to detect if a child might have a neurological disorder we might decide to take a look at the sensory deficit he or she is experiencing and whether or not it may be as a result of neurological condition.
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Age/gender and risk factor
The gender mostly affected by this condition are the male species
They are children whose age run from 3yrs and below
Risk factor is environmental exposure to toxins such as lead
Trauma is also another risk factor
The male are the gender are mostly affected by neurological disorder since they are more exposed to the things which can lead to such conditions such as drug exposure. Children who are two years and below are the ones which this study is focused on and how neurological disorder can affect their neurodevelopment process. When a person is exposed to toxins such as lead his chances of getting neurological disorder is usually very high, likewise when he or she likes experiencing trauma and that may lead in having a negative long-term effect on his brain-functioning.
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Genetics and most common diseases
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